Reproduce the process state chart . (10pts)

Explain what each of the following commands do, as well as which operating system uses them (1.5 pts each):

ls

Cd

Grep

Dir

Type

Cat

Ps

Mv

Robocopy

Sed

Sudo

chmod

What is an environment variable? What does the PATH environment variable contain? What is PATH used for? (4 pts)

What are the 4 major jobs of a modern operating system? (4 pts)

In memory management, what is the role of a 'dirty bit', and why do we keep track of it? (3 pts)

What is meant by the term 'user mode', and what is meant by the term 'kernel mode'? (4 pts)

What is a working set? (2 pts)

What is the first line of every bash script? (2 pts)

What is the permission string (RWXRWXRWX format) of the number 311 (2 pts)

What is the base directory of a file system called on windows (1pt), and on linux (1 pt).

What does the term 'super user' mean in terms of operating systems (2 pts).

12) EXTRA CREDIT: (3 pts) You have been hired to test the capacity of Al Harrington's ShatterProof Snibbets to work after they are dropped from large heights. You have been given 2 Snibbets, and access to a 100 story building. You need to determine the maximum floor the Snibbets can be dropped from without shattering. You only have time to test 20 floors. How can you do this? Can you do it in less than 15 test drops?