REQUESTED ASSISTANCE - Would you please review the provided answer as well as the provided detailed solution translation(s) / explanation for each question. Please use an alternative method to solve the below question (I used Minitab to determine the solutions. Thus, the use of Excel, SASS, or any other software tool would be an acceptable alternative method):

In a 1994 Senate subcommittee hearing, an executive of a major tobacco company testified that the accusation that nicotine was added to cigarettes was false. Tobacco company scientists stated that the amount of nicotine in cigarettes was completely determined by the size of tobacco leaf, with smaller leaves having greater nicotine content. Thus, the variation in nicotine content in cigarettes occurred due to a variation in the size of the tobacco leaves and was not due to any additives placed in the cigarettes by the company. Furthermore, the company argued that the size of the leaves varied depending on the weather conditions during the growing season, for which they had no control. To study whether smaller tobacco leaves had a higher nicotine content, a consumer health organization conducted the following experiment. The major factors controlling leaf size are temperature and the amount of water received by the plants during the growing season. The experimenters created four types of growing conditions for tobacco plants. Condition A was average temperature and rainfall amounts. Condition B was lower than average temperature and rainfall conditions. Condition C was higher temperatures with lower rainfall. Finally, condition D was higher than normal temperatures and rainfall. The scientists then planted 10 tobacco plants under each of the four conditions in a greenhouse where temperature and amount of moisture were carefully controlled. After growing the plants, the scientists recorded the leaf size and nicotine content, which are given here:

Plant	A-leafSize	B-leafSize	C-leafSize	D-leafSize
1	27.7619	4.2460	15.5070	33.0101
2	27.8523	14.1577	5.0473	44.9680
3	21.3495	7.0279	18.3020	34.2074
4	31.9616	7.0698	16.0436	28.9766
5	19.4623	0.8091	10.2601	42.9229
6	12.2804	13.9385	19.0571	36.6827
7	21.0508	11.0130	17.1826	32.7229
8	19.5074	10.9680	16.6510	32.5668
9	26.2808	6.9112	18.8472	28.7695
10	26.1466	9.6041	12.4234	36.6952

Plant	A-Nicotine	B-Nicotine	C-Nicotine	D-Nicotine
1	10.0655	5.5977	6.7865	9.9553
2	9.4712	8.1299	10.9249	5.8495
3	9.1246	11.3401	11.3878	10.3005
4	11.3652	9.3470	9.7022	9.7140
5	11.3976	9.3049	8.0371	10.7543
6	11.2936	10.0193	10.7189	8.0262
7	10.6805	9.5843	11.2352	13.1326
8	8.1280	6.4603	7.7079	11.8559
9	10.5066	8.2589	7.5653	11.3345
10	10.6579	5.0106	9.0922	10.4763

a. Perform a one-way analysis of variance to test whether there is a significant difference in the average leaf size under the four growing conditions. Use ? = .05

b. What conclusions can you reach concerning the effect of growing conditions on the average leaf size?

c. Perform a one-way analysis of variance to test whether there is a significant difference in the average nicotine content under the four growing conditions. Use ? = .05

d. What conclusions can you reach concerning the effect of growing conditions on the average nicotine content?

e. Based on the conclusions you reached in (b) and (d), do you think the testimony of the tobacco companies' scientists is supported by this experiment? Justify your conclusions.

ANSWER:

a.

Ho	?1	=	?2	=	?3	=	?4
Ha	One or more of the means are not equal (i.e., the average leaf size under one or more of the growing conditions is significantly different)

The below Analysis of Variance Table was derived from the performance of the one-way ANOVA analysis of the variance in Minitab.

Analysis of Variance Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value Factor 3 3961.2 1320.38 53.49 0.000 Error 36 888.7 24.69 Total 39 4849.8Means Factor N Mean StDev 95% CI A-leafSize 10 23.37 5.70 (20.18, 26.55) B-leafSize 10 8.57 4.21 (5.39, 11.76) C-leafSize 10 14.93 4.46 (11.75, 18.12) D-leafSize 10 35.15 5.36 (31.97, 38.34) Pooled StDev = 4.96841