RH (a) Alternative 1 (b) Alternative 2 Figure 1. Schematic layout of alternative engine construction. Table 1 Specifications of the Whoop-de-do 5000 engine. Engine Specifications Capacity Bore Stroke 250 cc 70 mm 64 mm Head Material Thickness Cylinder Material Wall Thickness Length Flange thickness Tapped pylons Crankcase Material Tapped pylons Gaskets Crankcase Head Combustion Pressure Normal Badly tuned Aluminium 333 25 mm nominal Grade 300 Cast Iron - EN-GLJ-300 3 mm 135 mm between flange faces 8 mm top and bottom 20 mm thick if required Aluminium 333 20 mm thick None 1 mm Aluminium 1.1 MPa 2.0 MPa 1. Calculate the forces acting on the piston at design pressure. 2. Perform static calculation to estimate fastener size based on the worst-case scenario. 3. Construct the spring model of the system and determine spring rates, k. 4. Determine the pretension force in fasteners. 5. Produce the spring rate diagram for the worst-case scenario. 6. Conduct a failure analysis of the fasteners. a. Determine the factor of safety against fastener yielding (load factor n). b. Determine the factor of safety against joint separation no.