Roughly estimate the ( two - sided ) p- value associated with the trial's outcome from the histo gram . Answer :" Question 12 . From the simulation , I learn that the statistic ' excess infections in the placebo group follows a normal distribution with a mean of O and a standard deviation ( standard error ) of 12.3 . Use this information to calculate the two - sided p- value more precisely than in ( 1 1 ) . Round to the nearest thousandth . Answer :" Question 13 . How would the above histogram change if I ran the simulation 10 . 000 rather than 1000 times ? A . It would simply be more smooth B. The p - value would get smaller* C . The standard error would get smaller D. The distribution would be more similar to a I- distribution Question 14 . The effect size in this hypothetical trial ( 2 . 7 fewer infections per 1000 vaccinated ) is slightly smaller than the effect size found in the real 2009 HIV vaccine trial ( 2.8 fewer infections per 1000 vaccinated ) ; so why is the p - value smaller ?" A . The hypothetical trial has less variability* B. The sample size of the hypothetical trial is larger C . The real trial did not follow a normal distribution D . The real trial used an intention to treat analysis