Ruby decides to identify industrial pollution as her independent variable (IV) and climate change as her dependent variable (DV). Through her research she finds that both variables are statistically related to one another, where are a change in one variable impacts the other variable. Further, she finds that increases in industrial pollution lead to more volatility in climate change. Ruby has eliminated the possibility of any spurious correlations. Has Ruby proved a cause and effect relationship between her independent and dependent variables?

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While Ruby has established a statistical relationship and ruled out spurio... View the full answer