RULES:

a$)$Use a hypothetical block cipher with a block length of $4,$defined as Ek$($b$1,$b$2.$b$3.$b$4)=($b$2,$b$3,$b$1.$b$4)$

b$)$Convert English plaintext into a bit string using the table provided $($A$=0000$to P$=1111).$Assume we have a language that uses $16$letters only.

We must encrypted the plaintext 'FOO' using the following modes.

a$)$ECB $($Electronic Codebook$)$

b$)$CBC $($Cipher Block Chaining$)$with IV$=1010$

c$)$CTR $($Counter$)$with ctr $=1010$

$**$Manually encrypt each plaintext into ciphertext. Show all work and step by step how to manually encrypt with each method.