Sample Situation: Jet ski rentals are common at many destinations including inland lakes and ocean beaches. These destinations attract millions of tourists who want to engage in fun, adventurous, aquatic activities that they cannot or do not regularly engage in including swimming, boating, fishing, or the use of personal watercraft (PWC) such as jet skis in open water or dynamic tidal conditions. As a result, of not understanding or adequately perceiving speed, distance, or failing to heed certain warnings or other cautions, the risk of accidents is very present.

Part I: Define the Problem

1) Persons unfamiliar to PWC operating characteristics do not adequately perceive or adapt to speed, timing, and distance in a fluid environment that complicates their avoidance and recognition of a situation that could lead to death or serious injury.

2) Persons unfamiliar to PWC operating characteristics do not adequately perceive or adapt to speed, timing, and distance in a fluid environment often results in a failed response to a situation leading to death or serious injury.

For the following 3 situations, define two problems in a single sentence (6 1-sentence problems total). To do this, think about the situation and what experience you have. Even if you have not personally had experience with this situation, you likely know someone or you could simply google the issue to get a better idea about key issues and variables. Persons acting in a role of HR Engineer likely do not know about every conceivable situation/industry, etc. but, a graduate/graduate student should acquire the ability to learn, study, and know about many situations and apply what they do know to that. In other words, apply information, math, communications, and critical thinking skills in a structured manner to what appear to be unstructured problems.

Situation: Medical Billing The US uses Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD) version 11 to transform the procedures and diagnosis of healthcare professionals into billable codes submitted to payers such as Medicare or Insurers. This is very detailed work and often has a degree of subjectivity, more than one would think. Medical Coders often work remotely and utilize company provided dumb terminals or thin clients to connect via internet to corporate cloud-based services. Coders are often sent dual monitor set ups for their home workplace. This role is a production role in that employees are often paid hourly and have a targeted number of cases to complete per standard eight hour shift that vary in complexity from simple outpatient procedures to 30-day+ hospital stays with multiple diagnoses and procedures, all of which must be documented for billing.

Part I: Define the Problem

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Situation: Healthcare To complete their training and education, physicians go to school for several years beyond their undergraduate degree. As medical schools are quite competitive on admissions, it is easy to say that only the best, brightest, and most able are selected for admission. Though much of healthcare is arguably a collaborative effort, physicians (and often, just 1) are typically at the top of the healthcare decision-making process. With the advent of the internet and the abundance of health care information from a variety of sources, both patients and physicians often face challenges in regard to decision-making in healthcare.

Part I: Define the Problem

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Situation: Health Disparities Significant health disparities exist between individuals with disabilities and the general population. The focus on health disparities issues within the disabled population is limited and frequently overlooked, despite the acknowledged need. Health disparities are more prevalent among racial/ethnic minority groups than among their non-disabled peers of the same race and ethnicity. Depending on the type of variable, certain subtypes of disabilities contribute more to the gap than others. The focus of research on health inequalities and health interventions must be subpopulation differences. Taking a categorical, functional, and social approach to disability will have significant consequences for resolving inequities.

Part I: Define the Problem

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