Scenario:

A software development company is designing a new web server that needs to handle multiple client requests concurrently. The server must ensure efficient resource utilization and avoid common concurrency issues such as race conditions and deadlocks.

Tasks:

$1.$ Explain the potential concurrency issues that the web server might face when handling multiple client requests simultaneously. Discuss how race conditions and deadlocks can occur in this context.

$2.$ Propose a concurrency control mechanism to manage access to shared resources $($e$.$g$.,$ database connections, file handles$)$ in the web server. Explain how this mechanism can prevent race conditions and deadlocks.

$3.$ Analyze the trade$-$offs between using threads and processes for handling concurrent client requests. Which approach would you recommend for the web server, and why?