Scenario D$.$ Effectively Organized, Inc. has hired a consultant to help them with organizational decision making. The consultant's first meeting is set up to describe to the managers of Effectively Organized, Inc. the models of organizational decision processes. Each of the managers seems to prefer one of the models over the others.

The Vice President of Marketing declares that her people disagree on goals and have now formed groups to advocate for their own interests. Her managers are using

bounded rationality

incremental model

garbage can model

coalitional model

crisis model