SCENARIO

WACC = E / (E + D) * Cost of Equity + D / (E + D) * Cost of Debt * (1 - Tax Rate)

1. Weights used in the calculation:

Generally speaking, a company's assets are financed by debt and equity. We need to calculate the weight of equity and the weight of debt.

The market value of equity (E) is also called "Market Cap". As of today, Company As market capitalization (E) is $131.221 Mil.

We we use book value of debt (D) to do the calculation.

As of Jun. 2020, Company As latest two-year average Short-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $51.87 Mil and its latest two-year average Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $244.96 Mil. The total Book Value of Debt (D) is $296.83 Mil.

a) weight of equity = E / (E + D) = 131.22 / (131.22 + 296.83) = 0.31

b) weight of debt = D / (E + D) = 296.83 / (131.22 + 296.83) = 0.69

2. Cost of Equity: We use Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to calculate the required rate of return. The formula is:

Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate of Return + Beta of Asset * (Expected Return of the Market - RiskFree Rate of Return)

We use the 10-Year Treasury Bond Rate as the risk-free rate. The current risk-free rate is 9.5%. Please note that we use the 10-Year Treasury Bond Rate of the country/region where the company is headquartered. If the data for that country/region is not available, then we will use the 10-Year Treasury Bond Rate of the United States as default.

Beta is the sensitivity of the expected excess asset returns to the expected excess market returns. Company As asset beta is 4.12.

(Expected Return of the Market - Risk-Free Rate of Return) is also called market premium. We requires market premium to be 6%.

Cost of Equity = 9.50% + 4.12 * 6% = 34.22%

3. Cost of Debt:

We use last fiscal year end Interest Expense divided by the latest two-year average debt to get the simplified cost of debt. As of Dec. 2019, Company As interest expense was $83.11 Mil. Its total Book Value of Debt (D) is $296.83 Mil.

Cost of Debt = 83.11 / 296.83 = 27.99%.

4. Multiply by one minus Average Tax Rate:

We use the latest two-year average tax rate to do the calculation.

The latest Two-year Average Tax Rate is -1.68%.

Company As Weighted Average Cost Of Capital (WACC) for Today is calculated as:

WACC = E / (E + D) x Cost of Equity + D / (E + D) x Cost of Debt x (1 - Tax Rate) = 0.31 x 34.22% + 0.69 x 27.99% x (1 - -1.68%) = 30.23%

All numbers are in millions except for per share data and ratio. All numbers are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

As of today Company As weighted average cost of capital is 30.23%. Company As ROIC % is - 28.58%.

QUESTIONS

1. The WACC estimate assumes a book value of debt in its Debt/Capital ratio. What would be the preferred alternative? (2 marks)

2. The WACC estimate made use of the CAPM to calculate the cost of equity; it seems to have dismissed the Dividend Growth Method as an alternative. Can you suggest why this may have been done? (3 marks)

3. The WACC estimate made use of the fiscal year end Interest Expense as a proxy for the cost of debt. What would the preferred alternative have been?