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Medical Sciences Questions and Answers April 17, 2020

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Explain three advantages of the synthetic derivatives of choline over acetylcholine

State five non-pharmacological approaches used in management of hypertension.

Using relevant example state five classes of antiarrhythmic drugs that are used to prevent or correct cardiac arrhythmias

Discuss mechanism of action, clinical uses & toxicity of Cardiac glycosides

Decongestants are the drugs that reduce congestion of nasal passages and enhances drainages of the sinuses. Describe its mechanism of action, clinical uses, classification and side effects.

Explain the effect of atropine on each of the following; eyes, respiratory, genitourinary & cardiovascular systems

The following Ergot derivative is used for treatment acute migraine attack: a) Paracetamol b) Sumatriptan c) Ergotamine d) Metoclopramide

The following statements concerning mechanism of nitrate beneficial clinical effect are true, EXCEPT? a) Decreased myocardial oxygen requirement b) Relief of coronary artery spasm c) Improved perfusion to ischemic myocardium d) Increased myocardial oxygen consumption

This drug group useful in angina decreases myocardial oxygen requirement (by decreasing the determinations of oxygen demand) and does not increase myocardial oxygen delivery (by reversing coronary arterial spasm) a) Nitrates and nitrite drugs (Nitro-glycerine, Isosorbide dinitrate) b) Myotropic coronary dilators (Dipyridamole) c) Potassium channel

Explain the three related elements of personality as maintained by Freud Sigmund

A 36-year-old woman recently treated for leukaemia is admitted to the hospital with malaise, chills, and high fever. Gram stain of blood reveals the presence of gram negative bacilli. The initial diagnosis is bacteraemia, and parenteral antibiotics are indicated. i.) On physician review the patient is put third generation cephalosporin, describe

Clinical trial is a means by which the efficacy of drug is treated on human being. Explain the four phases of whole process?

The type of health assessment that is short and specific to the patient`s reason for seeking health care is known as? a) Episodic assessment b) Emergency assessment c) Screening assessment d) Partial assessment

State 5 objectives of protein fractionation? 2.Explain the major differences between stacking and resolving gel? 3.Explain the principle of flourescent spectroscopy? 4.Describe "salting out" technique in purification of macromolecules? 5.Outline the operational principle of isoelectric focusing point? 6.State the advantage s of Enzyme linked

1.Describe the preparation of agarose gels? 2.Describe preparation of polyacrylamide gels?

Explain the structure and function of spliceosomes?

Discuss Five (5) hallmarks of cancer development?

Outline Five(5) mechanisms of correcting genetic mutations in DNA molecule?

Explain how spectral karyotyping is utilized in chromosomal studies?

Explain how the genetic constitution of mitochondrial genome is related to it's function?

Describe five (5) gene expression regulatory mechanisms at genome level in eukaryotic organisms?

Consumer-centered mental health education: Consumer-centered mental health care implies that mental health consumers are active participants in their care and that they are involved in shared decision making with nurses and other health professionals. For this to occur, consumers and their families/care takers might require information and

explain the term flat sour as used in food processing and preservation.

Patient to give 250ml normal saline over 90 minutes in macro drip(10)get/ml iv set ,calculate the drop/minute?

Physician ordered 2000 ml iv fluid over 24 hours. Calculate ml / hour?

Define Atrophy. what are the causes of pathological atrophy

How do I investigate novel targets and diseases in drug discovery?

The effects of obesity on childrens mental health. Provide evidence of any deductions. Write at least 300 words. Make sure you cite any statistical data provided. Provide solutions before the conclusion.

Explain the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone system?

Importance of carrying out preformulation studies during dosage form development of new drugs.

AVM is 21 year old asian who is a new patient in the pharmacy where you work. He presents a prescription for CBZ 100 mg 1 tab BID with instructions to increase to 200 mg 1 tab TID. Currently, he is not taking any medications and does not have any drug allergies. During your counseling session, he tells you he must have blood drawn for a test in 3

He returns to your pharmacy with a new prescription for Lamotrigine 25 mg with instructions to take 1 tablet daily for 2 weeks, then 1 tablet PO twice daily for 2 weeks then 2 tablets PO twice daily for 2 for 2 weeks, then 2 tablets PO twice daily for 2 weeks, then 3 tablets PO twice daily thereafter. He tells you that the carbamazepine is being

Enzyme activity application questions Compare the relative activity of a lysosomal enzyme at pH 5 vs. pH 7. Explain. Compare the relative activity of a cytosolic enzyme at pH 5 vs. pH7. Explain Compare the relative activity of a human enzyme at these temperatures 0C, 37C, and 77C. Explain Compare the relative activity of a heattolerant bacterial

Alfred is a 34-year-old patient who has been maintained on Carbamazepine ER tab 400 mg twice a day for the past 2 years. He has had no seizures for the past 4 years. He presents to the emergency department in status epilepticus. Which medication should be the 1st line? (Expand your answer)

Ms. MA, a 26-year-old woman, presents with a 6-month history of spells. The spells are all the same, and all of them start with a feeling in the abdomen that is difficult for her to describe. This feeling rises toward the head. The patient believes that she will then loose The patient believes that she will then loose awareness. After a neurologic

Which one of the following is not a deficiency disorder (A) Beriberi (B) Night Blindness (C)Poliomyelitis (D)Pernicious Anemia

Which of the following is not a primary gland of the endocrine system (A) Thyroid (B) Pancreas (C) Adrenal (D) Liver

What type of hormone is produced by the adrenal gland and regulates the bodys response to stress (A) Insulin (B) Cortisol (C) Thyroxine (D) Estrogen

What type of tissue covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs (A) Muscle tissue (B) Connective tissue (C) Epithelial tissue (D) Nerve tissue

What are the function of the pancreas in the digestive system (A) To secrete digestive enzymes (B) To regulate blood sugar levels (C) To absorb nutrients from the small intestine (D) To store bile

What are the function of the spinal cord in the nervous system (A) To transmit sensory information to the brain (B) To control voluntary movements (C) To regulate autonomic functions (D) To store memories

What is risk, risk factors, risk indicators and risk determinants in periodontal diseases

What are the thyroid hormones What are its functions and how are they regulated

What are the main pituitary hormones and explain its functions

What is hypothyroidism Explain in detail

write in detail about diet and nutrition

Your textbook talks about physician-assisted suicide. Discuss the ethical dilemma created by physician-assisted suicide in relation to those with disabilities. Give your opinion on this topic mentioning policies that you feel should be in place regarding this topic. Wehmeyer, M. L., Brown, I., Percy, M. E., Shogren, K. A., & Fung, W. L. A. (Eds.).

Read the chapter then Respond to each question in 80-100 words 1. How do you feel about integrating personal and career counseling? 2. Did anxiety have influence on any of your career decisions? Explain. ** respond as though you are from a low income family while in college** 3. What are the most effective ways of managing anxiety? Reference

Alex is 17 weeks pregnant. She comes into the clinic to get a alphafetoprotein test. A low result could indicate all of the following except

The nurse is assessing a woman in labor. He knows that fetal bradycardia occurs when the heart rate drops below

Anne, a 32yearold woman, presents for her first prenatal visit. The doctor orders a CBC (complete blood count). Which of the following is not included in a CBC

The nurse is assessing foetal heart rate in a pregnant patient. The nurse records a pulse of 82 beats per minute. The nurse should

Brittany is 40 weeks pregnant and calls because she is seeing pinktinged discharge for the first time. The nurse should tell Brittany to

Sarah is a seventeenyearold female who has not gotten her first period and is visiting her doctor for an exam. She has displayed the normal growth and development of several secondary sex characteristics. The nurse would describe to the doctor that Sarah is showing signs of

Explain the biological and body based danger of tobacco products.

C.R., a 27-year-old woman, has a 3-month history of intermittent heat intolerance, sweats, tremor, and severe muscle weakness, which has limited her ability to climb stairs. Her weight has increased because of increased appetite. She is also bothered by the pounding of her heart and some minor difficulty in swallowing. There is a family history of

C.R., a 27-year-old woman, has a 3-month history of intermittent heat intolerance, sweats, tremor, and severe muscle weakness, which has limited her ability to climb stairs. Her weight has increased because of increased appetite. She is also bothered by the pounding of her heart and some minor difficulty in swallowing. There is a family history of

How will you calculate the power of posterior chamber IOL to be implanted

Peripheral iridectomy operation is performed for which type of glaucoma

Clonidine (Catapres) can be used to treat conditions other than hypertension. Nurse Sally is aware that the following conditions might the drug be administered? A. Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication B. Alcohol withdrawal C. Opiate withdrawal D. Cocaine withdrawal

Define Anterior Uveitis (Iridocyclitis)? Describe the etiology, clinical features, investigations and types of anterior uveitis?

Q.1 Write a short note on: Laws of reflection and refraction of light?

You are responsible for reviewing the nursing units refrigerator. Which of the following drugs, if found inside the fridge, should be removed? A. Bactrim B. Opened (in-use) Humulin N injection C. Urokinase (Kinlytic) D. Epoetin alfa IV (Epogen)

Electrocardiograph (ECG) is used to measure 1. Blood Count 2. Heart Beat 3. Temperature 4. Electricity

What is Halitosis commonly known as 1. Headache 2. Blood Pressure 3. Bad breath 4. Flu

Assigning a group of specific patients under the decision making of a single professional nurse is called 1. Functional method 2. Patient Specific Nursing 3. Primary nursing 4. Team Method

A 45-year-old patient visited the hospital complaining of chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Upon examination, the patient's blood pressure was found to be elevated, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) showed changes suggestive of myocardial infarction. Based on these findings, what is the likely diagnosis and what are the potential

A 25-year-old patient visited the hospital complaining of a sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and fatigue. Upon examination, the patient's tonsils were found to be enlarged and inflamed, and there were white patches on them. Based on these findings, what is the likely diagnosis and what are the potential complications?

A 65-year-old female patient came to the hospital with complaints of abdominal pain and bloating for the past few weeks. She also reported experiencing changes in her bowel habits and a loss of appetite. Upon examination, the patient had a palpable mass in her lower abdomen, and imaging revealed a tumor in her colon. Question: What is the

A 30-year-old woman sees her physician because she has had diarrhea and fatigue and has noticed a 3-kg weight loss over the past 6 months. On physical examination, she is afebrile and has mild muscle wasting, but her motor strength is normal. Laboratory studies show no occult blood, ova, or parasites in the stool. A biopsy specimen from the upper

Two days after eating a chicken salad sandwich, a 35-year-old man experiences cramping abdominal pain with fever and watery diarrhea. Physical examination shows mild diffuse abdominal pain on palpation, but there are no masses. Bowel sounds are present. A stool sample is negative for occult blood. He recovers completely within a few days without

A 25-year-old woman who has had altered consciousness and slurred speech for the past 24 hours is brought to the emergency department. A head CT scan shows a right temporal hemorrhagic infarction. Cerebral angiography shows a distal right middle cerebral arterial occlusion. Within the past 3 years, she has had an episode of pulmonary embolism. A

A 55-year-old woman has had discomfort and swelling of the left leg for the past week. On physical examination, the leg is slightly difficult to move, but on palpation, there is no pain. A venogram shows thrombosis of deep left leg veins. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to cause this condition? (A) Turbulent blood flow (B) Nitric

A 73-year-old man was diagnosed 1 year ago with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. He now sees his physician because of a transient ischemic attack. On auscultation of the chest, a heart murmur is heard. Echocardiography shows a 1-cm nodular lesion on the superior aspect of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. The valve leaflet appears to be intact. The

While shaving one morning, a 23yearold man nicks his lip with a razor. Seconds after the injury, the bleeding stops. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to reduce blood loss from a small dermal arteriole (A) Protein C activation (B) Vasoconstriction (C) Platelet aggregation (D) Neutrophil chemotaxis (E) Fibrin polymerization

Jason is a 30-year-old man who presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He reports having a history of heavy alcohol use and has recently been experiencing jaundice and dark-colored urine. His healthcare provider orders several tests and finds that Jason has elevated liver enzymes and signs of liver

Maria is a 45-year-old woman who has been experiencing chronic fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. She also reports feeling lightheaded and dizzy when standing up. Maria has a family history of heart disease, and her father passed away from a heart attack at the age of 50. Her healthcare provider orders several tests and finds that Maria

Mary is a 45-year-old woman who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. She has a family history of the disease and is overweight. Mary's doctor has prescribed medication to help manage her blood sugar levels, and has advised her to make lifestyle changes to improve her overall health. 1. What is Mary's medical condition? 2. What are

John is a 56-year-old man who has been experiencing chest pain and shortness of breath for several weeks. He has a family history of heart disease and has been a smoker for most of his adult life. John is also overweight and has high blood pressure. Upon examination, John's doctor notes that he has a heart murmur and orders a series of tests,

What are the main causes and risk factors for heart disease?

What are the different types of skin cancer, and how are they treated?

What to Expect While Your Child Is on ECMO?

HOW IS A BABY PLACED ON ECMO?

Genetics study and research have wide range scope on research but still developing countries are not utilising its option . Why

Enumerate indications of enucleation?

What precautions should be taken while performing enucleation in a patient with retinoblastoma?

What is evisceration operation?

How can the cosmetic appearance be improved after enucleation or evisceration operation?

Name the different types of lasers and their mechanism of action?

Enumerate uses of argon/diode laser?

What are the therapeutic uses of Nd-YAG laser?

What are therapeutic applications of excimer laser?

Describe the laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

What do you mean by cryopexy ?

On what principle is the working of a cryoprobe based?

Enumerate the applications of cryo in ophthalmology?

What is low vision?

A person with low vision is one who has impairment of visual functioning even after: treatment, for example an operation and /or standard refractive correction (has been given glasses or lenses) and has a visual acuity of less than 6/18 to light perception, or a visual field of less than 10 0. From the point of fixation (i.e., 20 degrees across)

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of hand magnifiers.

Explain the differences between Galilean or Keplerian Telescopes