SECTION A Read the case study below and answer ALL the questions that follow. Attempts in Varying Degrees to Capture All Effort The Government Accountability Office (GAO) in the United States government analysed four enterprise resource planning system schedules and found that none of the programs had developed a fully integrated master schedule as an effective tool to help in the management of the programs. In particular, the schedules differed in the extent to which they captured all activities, as well as in their integration of government and contractor activities. For example, the Defence Enterprise Accounting and Management System Program Management Office did not have a schedule that integrated government and contractor activities. It maintained internal schedules that reflected government-only activities, but these activities were not linked to the contractor's activities. While the Army's Global Combat Supp System schedule identified contractor activities, it contained only key govern ent milestones for the program. Other government activities, such as testing events and milestones beyond December 2017, were not captured in the schedule. Instead, they were displayed in isolated, high-level illustrated documents. [40 MARKS] The Expeditionary Combat Support System program schedule contained detailed activities associated with government effort and contractor effort. However, the government activities were not fully linked to contractor activities, so that updates to government activities did not directly affect scheduled contractor activities. Finally, while the General Fund Enterprise Business System schedule captured government and contractor activities, key milestones in deployment, software release, and maintenance were not fully integrated, precluding a comprehensive view of the entire program. In scheduling, best practices are interrelated so that deficiencies in one best practice cause deficiencies in other best practices. For example, if the schedule does not capture all activities, then there will be uncertainty about whether activities are sequenced in the correct order and whether the schedule properly reflects the resources needed to accomplish the work. Source: GAO, DOD Business Transformation: Improved Management Oversight of Business System Modernization Efforts Needed, GAO-11-53 (Washington, D.C.: October 7, 2010) cited in GAO, Best Practice in Scheduling, GAO-11-53 (Washington, D.C.: October 7, 2015). Answer ALL the questions in this section. QUESTION 1 QUESTION 2 (20 Marks) "Other government activities, such as testing events and milestones beyond December 2017, were not captured in the schedule". Keeping in mind that a clear picture of your project's scope is critical for its success, explain to the GAO why the work breakdown structure is a key tool for bringing clarity to a project's scope and for effectively managing a project. (20 Marks) "... if the schedule does not capture all activities, then there will be uncertainty about whether activities are sequenced in the correct order and whether the schedule properly reflects the resources needed to accomplish the work." Discuss critically, the various ways in which the GAO can develop a comprehensive work breakdown structure to ensure that all activities are captured.

SECTIONA [40 MARKS] Read the case study below and answer ALL the questions that follow. Attempts in Varying Degrees to Capture All Elfort The Government Accountability Office (GAO) in the United States government analysed four enterprise resource planning system schedules and found that none of the programs had developed a fuly integrated master schedule as an eflective tool to help in the management of the programs. In particula, the schedules differed in the extent to which they captured all activites, as well as in their integration of government and contractor activities. For example, the Defence Enterprise Accounting and Management System Program Management Office did not have a schedule that integrated government and contractor activities. It maintained internal schedules that reflected government-only activites, but these activibes were not linked to the contractor's activities. While the Army's Global Combat Support System schedule identified contractor activities, it contained only key government milestones for the program. Other govemment activities; such as testing events and milestones beyond December 2017. were not captured in the schedule. Instead, they were displayed in isolated, hightevel llustrated documents. The Expeditionary Combat Support System program schedule contained detaled activites associated with government effort and contractor effort. However, the government activities were not fully linked to contractor activities, so that updates to government activites did not directly affect scheduled contractor activities. Finally, while the General Fund Enterprise Business System schedule captured government and contractor activities, key milestones in deployment, software release. and maintenance were not fully integrated, precluding a comprehensive view of the entire program. In scheduling, best practices are interrelated so that deficiencies in one best practice cause deficiencies in other best practices. For example, if the schedule does not capture al activites, then there will be uncertainty about whether activities are sequenced in the correct order and whether the schedule properly reflects the resources needed to accomplish the work. Source: GAO, DOD Business Transformation: Improved Management Oversight of Business System Modernization Efforts Needed, GA0-11-53 (Washington, D.C.: October 7, 2010) ciled in GAO, Best Practice in Scheduling. GAO-11-53 (Washington, D.C.: October 7, 2015). Answer ALL the questions in this section. QUESTION 1 (20 Marks) "Other government activities, such as testing events and milestones beyond December 2017, were not captured in the schedule". Keeping in mind that a clear picture of your project's scope is critical for its success, explain to the GAO why the work breakdown structure is a key tool for bringing clarity to a project's scope and for effectively managing a project. QUESTION 2 (20 Marks) .... if the schedule does not capture all activities, then there will be uncertainty about whether activities are sequenced in the correct order and whether the schedule properly reflects the resources needed to accomplish the work." Discuss critically, the varibus ways in which the GAO can develop a comprehensive work breakdown structure to ensure that al activites are captured