Security is a layered process. Although the hackers took advantage of a vulnerable third-party Web application to gain root access to ASFs Linux infrastructure, you need to focus on the layers of security that worked and failed on the Linux infrastructure, and how this vulnerability could have been avoided with a more secure Linux server.

Discuss how the hackers took advantage of the JIRA daemon. What role did pluggable authentication modules (PAM) play in this process? What are the security measures that you would recommend to mitigate such risks in the future?

Please help me about this topic. thank you