SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Classification systems $($or taxxonomies$)$ were useful tools for classifying living things and their relationships to each other. When applied to humans, however, classification systems often supported hierarchies of difference with both ideological and material effects. Which of the following are examples of classification systems and$/$or their effects?

$($A$)$

Linnaeus' taxonomy of humans, which identified natural human anomalies as "Monstrosus" and cultural anomalies of humans as "Ferus"

Blummenbach's phylogeny of humanity; later used to justify eugenics and genocide in Nazi ideology and practice

social institutions' classification of humans as the poor, the infirm, the feeble$-$minded, and criminals, and the attachment of their behavior to physical features

Bertillon's measurement system for human bodies that attached physical proportions to criminal behavior, which is still alive today in the use of mugshots and fingerprints