sequrreu:

a$)$ Enter the angular and linear measurements in a traverse booking sheet

$(4$ Marks$)$

b$)$ Compute the coordinates of points B$,$ C$,$ D and E assuming that there is no angular and linear corrections in the traverse.

$(20$ Marks$)$

OUESTION $3.$

$(25$ marks$)$

a$)$ List the advantages and disadvantages of Height of Instrument method

$(2$ Marks$)$

b$)$ With the aid of a diagram explain the process of rise and fall method and outline the advantage of this method.

$(2$ Marks$)$

c$)$ Explain the procedure used to determine the collimation error of an automatic level.

$(5$ Marks$)$

d$)$ Given data from a differential levelling which have been found in the order of Back Sight $($BS$)$ and Fore Sight $($FS$)$ starting with the initial reading on Bench Mark A $0\mathrm{.}880,1\mathrm{.}760,1\mathrm{.}960,0\mathrm{.}920,2\mathrm{.}595,0\mathrm{.}915,2\mathrm{.}255,0\mathrm{.}515,2\mathrm{.}305,$ and $1\mathrm{.}170.$ The final reading was closed at Bench Mark B whose elevation is $150\mathrm{.}535m.$

Required:

i$)$ Record all levelling observations in a levelling booking sheet

$(3$ Marks$)$

ii$)$ Calculate the Reduced Levels $($R$.$L$)$ of all points using both "Rise and Fall "and Height of Instrument Methods and compare the final reduced levels $(10$ Marks$)$

iii$)$ Use formulas to check the calculations

$(3$ Marks$)$

OUESTION $4.$

$(25$ Marks$)$

a$)$ Explain the principle of trilateration used to determine positions of points using GNSS

$(5$ Marks$)$

b$)$ With the aid of a diagram, discuss the three $(3)$ components$/$segments of a Global Satellite Navigation System $($GNSS$).$

$(5$ Marks$)$

$(5$ Marks$)$

c$)$ List three coordinate systems utilized in GNSS

d$)$ With the aid of a diagram show the relationship between Geoid and Ellipsoid $(2$ Marks$)$

e$)$ Why do we use Orthometric height in land surveying instead of Ellipsoidal height

$(3$ Marks$)$

f$)$ Discuss four $(4)$ sources of errors in GNSS and their respective mitigation measures.

$(5$ Marks$)$

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