Short Response $($points vary$)$

Please answer the following $6$ questions. Brevily accompanied with clarily will earn you the maximum possible credir. Jou will hot gain points but you may lose points by adding irrelevancy.

Managed care organizations offer an institutional structure to help reduce the cost to an insurance company. Describe the cost$-$control mechanism used in the following MCO models.

a$.$ HMO $(3$ points$)$

b$.$ PPO $(3$ points$)$

Per our discussion of Medicare in class, please briefly explain using concrete arguments why you should or should not be concerned about the impending depletion of the Medicare Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. $(4$ points$)$