Snowden, D. J., & Boone, M. E. (2007). A leader's framework for decision making. Harvard Business Review, 85(11), 68-76.

1)Complexity science and knowledge from the cognitive sciences are transforming

1)Mathematical models.

2)The way we view nature.

3) Leadership.

4)Modern technology.

2) In complicated contexts, which of these is an approach to follow?

1)Sense, categorize, respond.

2) sense, analyze, respond.

3)Sense, predict, respond.

4)Sense, compute, respond.

3) In the film Apollo 13, what did the leaders tell the team of experts to do with the materials they had?

1)Create a model.

2)Build a spacecraft.

3)Find a solution or the astronauts will

die.

4)Replicate the astronauts' situation.

4) One characteristic that distinguishes human complex systems from natural ones is:

1)They can't change over time.

2)Humans always follow logical,

definable rules.

3)Humans can purposefully change the systems they operate in.

4)Humans can't switch between

identities.

5) What problem can arise when experts dominate the complicated domain?

1)They become too innovative.

2)They tolerate controversial ideas.

3)Innovative suggestions by nonexperts

may be dismissed.

4)They tend to micromanage

6) Which of the following methods allows people to discuss solutions already working within their organization?

1)Contextual referencing.

2) Positive deviance.

3) Historical referencing.

4)External evaluation.

7) In which domain, according to the Cynefin framework, are the cause-and-effect relationships perceptible?

1)Simple and complicated contexts.

2) Complex and chaotic contexts.

3) Disordered contexts.

4) None of the above.

8) What was the result of one shoe manufacturer opening up the brainstorming process?

1)They faced resistance from experts.

2) A security guard submitted a design

that became a bestseller.

3)The leaders became overwhelmed.

4)They encountered "analysis paralysis."

9) A complex system is characterized by all

EXCEPT:

1)Minor changes can produce major

consequences.

2)Solutions can always be imposed.

3)The system is dynamic.

4)Hindsight does not lead to foresights

10) What is the primary job of a leader in a chaotic context?

1)Find patterns.

2)Predict the next event.

3)Stanch the bleeding.

4)Encourage creativity.

11) What is described as "by definition, past practice"?

1)Poor practice.

2)Best practice.

3)Good practice.

4)Future practice.

12) In complex domains, leaders who don't recognize the need for experimental management may:

1) Embrace failure.

2)Overcontrol the organization.

3)Encourage more innovation.

4)Always achieve their desired results.

13) Which event is categorized under chaotic contexts?

1)Apollo 13 mission.

2)Launch of YouTube.

3)Events of September 11, 2001.

4)Launch of eBay.

14) What did Rudy Giuliani showcase during the events of September 11, 2001?

1)His ability to lead in a complex

context.

2)Exceptional effectiveness under chaotic conditions.

3)His preference for a bottom-up leadership style.

4)His indecisiveness in a crisis.

15) For a leader, the complex environment of the current business world requires:

1)Only intellectual capability.

2) A deep understanding of context and

a willingness to flexibly change leadership style.

3)Relying solely on past experiences.

4)Maintaining a fixed leadership style.