So I am using an old exam to prepare for a cumulative exam. TBH I crammed for this test very last minute, it was $2$ months ago, and honestly I don't remember where I got the majority of these answers from, $($unfortunately even ones I apparently got entirely correct back then, hah$).$ Hoping to get some help and specifically a bit of a step by step approach that I can then use to study how to ACTUALLY work through them when similar problems pop up$.$ Any help at all is enormously appreciated!! Thanks so much :) Please ignore anything in pencil$/$not printed in the question itself obviously.