SOLUTION $($ HH $)==$ : What foundational theories serve as the bedrock for civil engineering practices? Understanding the principles of structural mechanics, soil mechanics, fluid mechanics, and material science is essential for designing and constructing infrastructure that is safe, durable, and sustainable. These theories form the basis for analyzing the behavior of various materials under different loads and environmental conditions, ensuring that engineering projects meet regulatory standards and societal needs. How do these theories shape the methodologies and approaches employed in civil engineering projects?