Solve all Qus ( CORRECT ANSWER ONLY)

2. Just-In-Time (JIT) is a philosophy primarily aimed at: a) Maximizing inventory levels b) Reducing production capacity c) Minimizing waste and inventory d) Increasing lead times

3. Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes: a) Maximizing costs b) Inspection at the end of the production process c) Continuous improvement and customer satisfaction d) Isolating departments for specialization

4. Which of the following is a core element of Six Sigma methodology? a) Increasing process variation b) Focusing solely on customer needs c) Striving for 100% perfection d) Allowing defects within a certain limit

5. The critical path in a project network diagram represents: a) The shortest path to project completion b) The longest path to project completion c) The path with the least number of tasks d) The path with the highest cost activities

6. Economies of scale refer to: a) The reduction in production costs as output increases b) The increase in production costs as output increases c) The balance between fixed and variable costs d) The total revenue generated by the business

7. Which inventory management model is based on the principle that high-priority items should be closely monitored and managed? a) ABC analysis b) EOQ model c) JIT system d) MRP system

8. Which production process involves producing large quantities of standardized products? a) Mass production b) Job production c) Batch production d) Custom production

9. A Gantt chart is used for: a) Quality control b) Inventory management c) Project scheduling and tracking d) Employee performance evaluation

10. Which of the following is a qualitative forecasting technique? a) Moving average b) Exponential smoothing c) Delphi method d) Time series analysis

11. In operations management, the "bullwhip effect" refers to: a) A sudden surge in demand for a product b) The impact of economic downturns on supply chains c) The distortion of demand information as it travels upstream in the supply chain d) The uncontrollable fluctuations in production schedules

12. A Pareto chart is used to: a) Display data in a time series format b) Show the frequency distribution of categorical data c) Identify the most important factors in a problem d) Track project milestones

13. Which of the following is a lean production principle? a) Overproduction to meet demand spikes b) Minimizing customer involvement in product design c) Batch processing for efficiency d) Eliminating waste in processes

14. Which inventory control model helps determine the optimal order quantity to minimize total inventory costs? a) ABC analysis b) EOQ model c) JIT system d) MRP system

15. The 5S methodology focuses on: a) Maximizing production output b) Reducing employee training time c) Creating a clean and organized workspace d) Increasing the number of work shifts

16. Which of the following is not a component of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept? a) Profit b) People c) Process d) Planet

17. Which forecasting method uses expert opinions to predict future events? a) Time series analysis b) Delphi method c) Moving average d) Exponential smoothing

18. Which type of layout arranges workstations in a U-shape, allowing for efficient communication and material flow? a) Process layout b) Fixed-position layout c) Product layout d) Cellular layout

19. Which of the following is an example of a fixed cost in a manufacturing process? a) Raw materials b) Labor c) Utilities d) Rent for the factory building

20. Which operations management concept aims to streamline the flow of materials and information from suppliers to customers? a) Six Sigma b) Kanban c) TQM d) PDCA cycle

21. Which of the following is a common objective of inventory management? a) Maximizing holding costs b) Minimizing lead times c) Minimizing stockouts d) Maximizing order quantities

22. The concept of "bottleneck" in operations management refers to: a) A type of inventory management technique b) A process that limits the overall capacity of a system c) The fastest step in a production process d) A type of quality control tool

23. Which of the following is a key consideration in facility location decisions? a) Maximizing transportation costs b) Minimizing access to skilled labor c) Proximity to suppliers and customers d) Ignoring local regulations

24. The purpose of a kanban system is to: a) Reduce the number of employees b) Improve the product design process c) Manage inventory levels in a just-in-time system d) Automate the production process

25. Which of the following is an example of a time-series forecasting technique? a) Delphi method b) Market research c) Exponential smoothing d) Expert opinion

26. Which of the following is a core aspect of capacity planning? a) Reducing lead times b) Increasing demand variability c) Matching capacity to demand d) Maximizing setup times

27. Which of the following is a key element of the PDCA cycle? a) Planning b) Pacing c) Procurement d) Perfection

28. Which production strategy focuses on producing customized products with low production volumes? a) Mass production b) Job production c) Batch production d) Flow production

29. Which of the following is a common risk in supply chain management? a) Overstocking b) Shortage of production capacity c) Low customer demand d) Frequent equipment maintenance

30. Which of the following is a tool used to map out the steps and flow of a process? a) Gantt chart b) Pareto chart c) Flowchart d) Histogram

31. Which of the following is a metric used to measure process efficiency? a) Customer satisfaction b) Employee turnover c) Lead time d) Raw material cost

32. The "Theory of Constraints" is associated with: a) Minimizing production costs b) Maximizing lead times c) Identifying and managing bottlenecks d) Reducing customer demand

33. Which of the following is a characteristic of a push-based production system? a) Production is triggered by

customer orders b) Finished goods are made to stock c) High levels of work-in-progress inventory d) Quick response to changes in customer demand

34. Which quality management principle emphasizes the need for a clear organizational structure and defined responsibilities? a) Continuous improvement b) Process approach c) Leadership d) Involvement of people

35. Which of the following is an advantage of a process layout? a) Reduced material handling costs b) High production speed c) Low flexibility d) Simplified scheduling

36. Which of the following is a type of production waste that occurs when producing more than is needed? a) Defects b) Overproduction c) Waiting d) Transportation

37. Which project scheduling technique considers both time and cost to determine the best approach for completing a project? a) Gantt chart b) Critical Path Method (CPM) c) Pareto analysis d) Delphi method

38. Which of the following is an example of a preventative maintenance activity? a) Replacing a malfunctioning machine component b) Cleaning a work area at the end of the day c) Restocking inventory levels after a shortage d) Conducting regular equipment inspections

39. Which of the following is a technique used to smooth out the production process and minimize the impact of demand fluctuations? a) Exponential smoothing b) Push production c) Quality control d) Kaizen

40. Which inventory management approach involves placing replenishment orders only when existing inventory levels fall below a certain point? a) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b) Just-In-Time (JIT) c) Material Requirements Planning (MRP) d) Safety stock management

41. Which of the following is a key component of supply chain management? a) Focusing solely on internal operations b) Reducing communication with suppliers c) Managing the flow of goods, services, and information d) Maximizing competition among supply chain partners

42. Which of the following is a step in the product development process? a) Increasing batch sizes b) Eliminating quality control c) Testing and prototyping d) Ignoring customer feedback

43. Which quality management tool is used to identify the most common issues or problems in a process? a) Control chart b) Histogram c) Fishbone diagram d) Pareto chart

44. Which of the following is an example of a continuous improvement methodology? a) Fixed production schedules b) Total Quality Management (TQM) c) Isolating departments d) Ignoring customer complaints

45. Which inventory management model assumes that demand is constant and ordering costs remain constant? a) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b) Just-In-Time (JIT) c) Material Requirements Planning (MRP) d) Safety stock management

46. Which of the following is a metric used to assess process efficiency by comparing the actual output to the theoretical maximum output? a) Utilization rate b) Lead time c) Reorder point d) Inventory turnover

47. Which scheduling approach aims to minimize the completion time of a project while considering resource constraints? a) First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) b) Shortest Job Next (SJN) c) Critical Path Method (CPM) d) Batch processing

48. Which of the following is a characteristic of a pull-based production system? a) Production is driven by customer demand b) Large batch sizes c) High levels of work-in-progress inventory d) Reactive response to changes in customer demand

49. Which of the following is a key component of a process flowchart? a) Sales projections b) Employee salaries c) Decision points and actions d) Customer feedback

50. Which of the following is a method used to reduce the risk associated with supply chain disruptions? a) Relying on a single supplier b) Increasing lead times c) Diversifying suppliers and sourcing locations d) Reducing communication with suppliers