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https://static.nsta.o... \"Mitochondrial Mysteries\" by Jozwick and Lee Page 2 Part Ill Information Overload Ali face. \"This is exactly why I want to become your study partner. Do you have time now? I'm happy to figure this out with you, s Ali's enthusiasm was actually starting to make Ivy feel a bit better and distract her from her recent diagnosis. down with a smile on k nce my classes are done for the day. Can I buy you a tea and a cookie?\" \"Tea sounds great,\" Ivy remarked. \"I'm particularly interested in how the mitochondria was first formed or made, since its the 'powerhouse' of the cell, which seems important.\" \"You know, I've never really thought about how eukaryotic cells got their organelles. It seems like an important piece of information,\" Ali commented while deep in thought. \"Why don't we consult the omniscient world wide web and see what we can find out? Let's try to come up with a list of clues.\" Here is the list of information they compiled: * Mitochondria have their own DNA, This DNA is circular, encodes ribosomes and tRNAs, and is similar to DNA found in rickettisae, which are small bacteria that grow inside eukaryotic cells. * Mitochondria use pyruvate, an end product of glycolysis, and oxygen to generate a large amount of ATP. * Mitochondria have two membranes (an outer and inner membrane) composed of phospholipid bilayers. * The outermost mitochondrial membrane has porin proteins throughout it to import molecules. * Mitochondria divide on their own through binary fission, not when the cell divides. * Protein synthesis in the mitochondria uses ribosomes that are different from the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Mitochondrial ribosomes resemble those found in prokaryotes. * Antibiotics used to kill bacteria can also harm mitochondria. * Most of the proteins needed for the mitochondria to produce ATP are encoded in the DNA found in the cell's nucleus. The ed in the cytoplasm and then shipped into the mitochondri: are trans! Questions 5. Use the table below to compare and contrast the mitochondrial characteristics Ivy and Ali put together with prokaryotic cells and organelles within the eukaryotic cell. Characteristics of Features shared with bacteria Features shared with other eukaryotic organelles mitochondria - 6. Using the information in your table, revise the hypothesis you originally proposed for Question 4. If you don't update your original hypothesis, then describe pieces of evidence in the table that would support your hypothesis. \"Mitochondrial Mysteries\" by Jozwick and Lee Page 3 Part IV Mitochondrial Relatives \"Well that's weird,\" Ivy said, thinking out loud. \"Mitochondria look like little bacteria and even have some of their own genes! It seems like mitochondria were once bacteria that infected another cell and then they just stayed together. I'm going to look into why this might have occurred. It doesn't make sense to say that mitochondria are pathogens, since the cell is not harmed. It actually benefits from the association.\" Ali cut her off. \"But, could they have once been a pathogen? Or, what if they weren't bacteria to begin with? Listen to what I found. There are some small, simple eukaryotes called protists that do not have mitochondria like the rest of eukaryotic cells. Instead, they have a mitochondria-like organelle called a mitosome that does not produce ATP, but aids in the formation of iron-sulfur clusters that are incorporated into proteins. Some other protists have a mitochon- dria-like organelle called a hydrogenosome, which does produce ATP and hydrogen gas, but does not use oxygen. If that's the case, then which came first? I think that the eukaryotic cell may already have had other organelles, possibly mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, that evolved into mitochondria.\" Ivy wasn't convinced. \"Or did a bacterium infect a cell, which later evolved into mitochondria, mitosomes, or hydro- genosomes Questions eD 7. Based on the information above and other information you've learned in class, select the hypothesis you think is