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1. Characteristics That Affect Security Yields Identify the relevant characteristics of any security that can affect its yield. 20 5. Pure Expectations Theory Explain how a yield curve would shift in response to a sudden expectation of rising interest rates, according to the pure expecta- tions theory. 6. Forward Rate What is the meaning of the for- ward rate in the context of the term structure of x m e, 10. Segmented Markets Theory If a downward- sloping yield curve is mainly attributed to segmented markets theory, what does that suggest about the demand for and supply of funds in the short-term and long-term maturity markets