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Patient care technologies are becoming more sophisticated changing the way treatments are designed and delivered. Before the technology was widespread, carers relied heavily on sight, touch, smell and hearing to monitor the patient's condition and detect changes. Over time, the caregiver's "inattention" has been replaced by technology designed to detect physical changes in a patient's condition. Consider the case of a pulse oximeter. Before widespread use, medication relied on subtle changes in mental status and skin colour for early detection of changes in oxygen saturation and the use of arterial blood gases to confirm suspicions. Pulse oximeters now allow carers to detect decreased oxygen supply before clinical symptoms appear, allowing faster diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause. Technology can improve treatment, but it is not without risks.

This technology is described as part of the problem and as part of a safer healthcare solution, and some observers warn of impending errors after new technical data from monitors emerge that they cannot detect small, potentially significant changes in clinical condition. Problems can be caused by a large number of new devices, the complexity of the devices, the wrong interface between some bedside technologies, and the accidental introduction of new bedside devices. Despite spending billions of dollars a year on an ever-growing variety of medical devices and equipment, nurses pay little attention to technology adoption and integration with other aspects of healthcare. Patient care technologies of interest to nurses range from relatively simple devices such as catheters and syringes to highly sophisticated devices such as barcoded drug delivery systems and electronic medical records include paper tools. However, for this chapter, we will focus more on equipment and devices that nurses may encounter in personal care. The purpose of this chapter is to present a conceptual model of technology available to nurses and outline strategies to promote effective and safe use. The methods used by caregivers provide tools to help prevent mistakes and side effects such as medical malpractice, misunderstandings, delay in treatment and failure to rescue, hospital infections, pressure sores, and complications such as falls and complications associated with immobility. ). However, this technology also leads to unexpected side effects and opportunities for rejection. In a review article, Samore and colleagues found that the devices most commonly associated with side effects were folic acid catheters (57% of device-side effects), arterial catheters ( ~ -17%). Found that). ). %), central venous catheters (17% of cases) and peripherally inserted central catheters (7% of cases) - all devices used by nurses in direct patient care. The introduction of a computerized supplier ordering system designed to reduce handwriting and transcription errors in children's hospitals has been associated with an unexpected increase in mortality. This may be due to the limited ability of medical personnel to anticipate the needs of patients before they arrive. Other studies have shown that most nurses believe that using barcoded drugs will reduce medical errors, but it also reduces the doctor's ability to identify the correct medication and deviate from routine procedures. Another example: a few years ago, some nursing homes used low beds with an unadjustable height to prevent fractures of the femur from falling off the bed. However, in the decision to prevent a resident's femur fracture, the medical staff treated the knee or flexed the knee, increasing the worker's risk of back and knee injuries. Green notes that all the ups and downs of technology go unnoticed and are an inevitable aspect of technology development. In other words, there would be no technological advance without technological failure. Nursing staff can respond to the unforeseen consequences of the use of technology as a work-around or temporary fix for technical problems or malfunctions. A solution will fix the problem immediately, but it can be dangerous because it does not solve the underlying problem of the system and increases the likelihood of errors over time. For example, in the early days of barcode delivery, scanners mounted on tethered drug carts made it difficult for nurses to scan their hands to identify patients, often due to infection control limitations. The nurses made a double bracelet and kept it in the medicine basket. The use of doublets simplifies scanning, but bypasses security features that require accurate patient identification (by scanning the wristband) before drug administration, and increases the likelihood of a "wrong patient" error. When this solution was discovered by an independent evaluator, the nurses, along with healthcare providers and infection control specialists, scanned the infected patients with disposable plastic caps. Conclusion Health quality research often identifies health systems that are not using new technologies safely and appropriately. While workplaces, tools and equipment can be designed according to Human Factors design criteria, as end-users, caregivers, through continuous process choices. ... Monitoring tools and methods for proactive risk assessment. The proposed approach to nursing is in line with the following four-pronged strategy developed by the Medical Devices and Equipment Group of the World Health Organization:

Rule: Nurses who provide direct patient care should be involved in defining and evaluating technology-related institutional, organizational and public policies. They are essential for the clinical setting in which they will be used.

Access: frontline nurses can ensure institutional decisions are made with their participation and other key stakeholders.

Implementation: Patient care nurses should be included in policies and intuitive processes for service, education, monitoring and reporting of technology side effects.