Some computer systems provide multiple register sets. Describe what happens when a context switch occurs if the new context is already loaded into one of the register sets. What happens if the new context is in memory rather than in a register set and all the register sets are in use?

When a process creates a new process using the fork$()$ operation, which of the following states is shared between the parent process and the child process? a$.$ Stack b$.$ Heap c$.$ Shared memory segments

Describe the actions taken by a kernel to context$-$switch between processes

Give an example of a situation in which ordinary pipes are more suitable than named pipes and an example of a situation in which named pipes are more suitable than ordinary pipes.

$5.$What are the benefits and the disadvantages of each of the following? Consider both the system level and the programmer level.

a$.$ Synchronous and asynchronous communication

b$.$ Automatic and explicit buffering

c$.$ Send by copy and send by reference

d$.$ Fixed$-$sized and variable$-$sized messages