Some signal encoding schemes are "self$-$clocking" such that they derive the bit synchronization

from the signal itself. This is achieved using the transitions between positive and negative voltage

levels to help define the boundaries of the bit intervals.

$[10$ points$]$

a$)$ Using NRZ$-$L$,$ plot the signal for a sequence of $n$ consecutive $1s$ followed by $n$ consecutive $0s.$

Explain why this code has a synchronization problem. Consider $n=5.$

b$)$ Repeat $($a$)$ above using NRZ$-$I. Does this scheme have a synchronization problem? Assume

starting from a negative voltage.

c$)$ Repeat $($a$)$ above using Manchester. Explain how the synchronization problem is addressed. What

is the cost in terms of bandwidth due to going from NRZ to Manchester encoding?