Sometimes a principal causes a third person to believe that another person is the principal$$s agent, and the third person acts to their own detriment in reasonable reliance on that belief. When this occurs, the principal is $$estopped to deny$($prevented from denying$)$ the agency relationship. Which of these scenarios illustrate an agency by estoppel? Choose two answers.

Monica is a realtor and wants to sign a contract with Lewis to sell his condo. Lewis allows Monica to hold an open house even though he has not hired Monica as his realtor. Richard then gives Monica a check for a deposit on Lewis$$s condo. Monica takes the check. Lewis then hires another realtor. Because of the delay Richard experiences by giving his check to Monica and not the realtor Lewis hires, the condo is sold before Richard can submit a valid offer.

Madeline, an actor, hires Nathan to negotiate with movie studios for her regarding film roles. Nathan is at a party one night and is approached by Todd, who asks if Madeline will star in a film he$$s going to direct. Nathan negotiates a fee for Madeline$$s role with Todd, which Madeline does not approve.

Rani, an actor, hires Zach to negotiate with movie studios for her regarding film roles. Zach soon begins handling other job duties for Rani as well. When a publisher, knowing that Zach is Rani$$s assistant, approaches Zach about a book deal, Zach negotiates a book deal on Rani$$s behalf. Rani then refuses to honor the deal, stating that Zach was only her assistant regarding film, and not book, deals.

Gisele is an attorney with an office in a large office building containing ten other law offices. Gisele practices law solo, with no other partners. Sebastian retains Gisele to represent him in a DUI case. While waiting for his hearing in court, Sebastian engages in conversation with another attorney, Theo, who he recognizes from the elevator in Gisele$$s office building. When the judge calls Sebastian$$s case, Sebastian tells the judge that Theo is his attorney and asks the judge to require Theo to represent him at the hearing.