Statement $1$: NASA has been planning a manned mission to

Mars for several years.

Statement $2$: In many countries, electronic voting machines

have replaced paper ballots within the last few years.

SELECT ONLY ONE

Statement $1$ is the cause and statement $2$ is its

effect.

Statement $2$ is the cause and statement $1$ is its

effect.

Both $1$ and $2$ are independent statements.

Both the statements $1$ and $2$ are effects of

independent causes.

Both the statements $1$ and $2$ are effects

some common cause.