**Step 1: Introduction to Performance-Based Design of Structures**

Performance-Based Design is an innovative approach in civil engineering that focuses on designing structures based on specific performance criteria rather than traditional prescriptive methods. In this context, performance criteria refer to the desired behavior and functionality of a structure under various loading conditions, including seismic events, wind forces, or other environmental factors.

**Step 2: Key Aspects of Performance Criteria in Civil Engineering**

Performance criteria in civil engineering involve defining the acceptable level of performance for a structure in terms of safety, functionality, and serviceability. This approach considers factors such as load-bearing capacity, deformation limits, and the ability to withstand extreme events. For example, in seismic design, performance criteria may include limiting structural damage to ensure the safety of occupants and prevent extensive repairs.

Engineers use advanced analytical tools and simulations to assess and predict the behavior of structures under different scenarios. This data-driven approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how a structure will perform throughout its lifecycle.

**Step 3: Implementation Challenges and Benefits**

Implementing performance-based design poses challenges, including the need for accurate data, advanced modeling techniques, and collaboration among multidisciplinary teams. However, the benefits are substantial. By focusing on performance criteria, engineers can create more resilient and cost-effective structures that meet specific performance goals. This approach also allows for a more tailored design process, taking into account site-specific conditions and the intended use of the structure.

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**Objective Question:** **What is a primary advantage of using performance-based design in civil engineering?**

a) Strict adherence to prescriptive methods b) Cost-effective and resilient structures c) Minimal collaboration among multidisciplinary teams d) Ignoring specific performance criteria for structures