STEP $2$: Identify causes of the problem by using material from this chapter, summarized in the Organizing Framework shown in Figure $5\mathrm{.}11.$ Causes will appear in either the Inputs box or the Processes box.

Start by looking at Figure $5\mathrm{.}11$ to identify which person factors, if any, are most likely causes to the defined problem. For each cause, ask, Why is this a cause of the problem? Asking why multiple times is more likely to lead you to root causes of the problem.

Follow the same process for the situation factors.

Now consider the Processes box in Figure $5\mathrm{.}11.$ Consider concepts listed at all three levels. For any concept that might be a cause, ask yourself, Why is this a cause? Again, do this for several iterations to arrive at root causes.

To check the accuracy or appropriateness of the causes, be sure to map them onto the defined problem.