Steps for

Problem $15\mathrm{.}1$ d$)1^{\text{'}}\text{'}$s complement sum of ${0010}_2$ and ${0011}_2$ is equal to

Problem $15\mathrm{.}1$ e$)1^{\text{'}}$ s complement sum of ${1101}_2$ and ${1011}_2$ is equal to $$

Problem $15\mathrm{.}1$ f$)2^{\text{'}}\text{'}$s complement sum of ${1011}_2$ and ${0101}_2$ is equal to $$

Problem $15\mathrm{.}1$ g $)2^{\text{'}}$ s complement sum of ${1110}_2$ and ${0101}_2$ is equal to $$