Strong Typing Languages

C and C$++$ are not strong typing: parameter type checking can be avoided;unions are not type checked.

Java and C# are, almost strong typing $($because of explicit type casting$).$

ML and F# are strong typing.

Coercion rules strongly affect strong typing$--$they can weaken it considerably $($C$++$ versus ML and F#$)$

Although Java has just half the assignment coercions of C$++,$ its strong typing is still far less effective than that of Ada.

Are C and C$++$ strong typing languages? Why? Hint: Above