Structural Analysis and Design: In civil engineering, structural analysis is crucial for ensuring the safety and stability of various built structures. Discuss the fundamental principles behind structural analysis and design, including load types, stress and strain analysis, and the importance of material properties. Explore the different methods used in structural analysis, such as analytical methods, numerical techniques like finite element analysis $($FEA$),$ and experimental approaches. Furthermore, delve into the role of codes and standards in ensuring structural integrity and safety, and how factors like environmental loads and dynamic effects influence the design process.