Study the following data requirements for a university database and produce a conceptual schema $($entity$-$relationship diagram$)$ for this application. If necessary, make assumptions to complete the data requirements. All assumptions must be reasonable and clearly documented.

The university is organized by departments $($i$.$e$.,$ Information Management, Mathematics, Physics, etc.$).$ A department has many faculty members; each of them is assigned to only one department effective from a specific year. A department has one and only one department head who is also a faculty member of the department. Students can major in more than one department. For each major of a student, the starting semester and finished semester need to be kept track of$.$

Each department is uniquely identified by a department code of $3$ to $4$ characters $($e$.$g$.,$ MTH for Mathematics, IM for Information Management, ACCT for Accounting, etc.$).$ In addition to the department code, the name and the address also need to be recorded for each department. Each faculty member has a unique faculty number, and a personal name, a gender, an office phone number, a rank $($i$.$e$.,$ full professor, associate professor, or assistant professor$),$ an office room number as well as more than one research areas $($i$.$e$.,$ database, artificial intelligence, etc.$).$

The information about the student includes a unique student number, a personal name, gender, local address $($consisting of street number, city, state, and zip$-$code$).$ A student must be either an undergraduate student or a graduate student. For an undergraduate student, the status of advanced standing $($i$.$e$.,$ yes or no$)$ needs to be indicated. A graduate student must have one faculty member as his$/$her advisor. On the other hand, a faculty member can advise many graduate students at the same time.

Each department offers many courses. A course is offered by only one department. A course may have many prerequisite courses as specified by its offering department and

$1$

may be the prerequisite of many other courses. Each course is uniquely identified by a course number. The title and the number of credit of the course need to be specified for each course as well.

A student takes many courses each of which is taught by only one faculty member $($here we assume that only the faculty members can teach courses$).$ For each course, there are many students. A grade will be assigned to each student by the teaching faculty of the course.