Suboptimal decision making is not likely to occur when

A$.$ Goals and standards of performance are set by the top management.

B$.$ The subunits in the organization compete with each other for the same input factors or for the same customers.

C$.$ Guidance is given to subunit managers about how standards and goals affect them.

D$.$ There is little congruence among the overall organization goals, the subunit goals, and the individual goals of decision makers.