Summary THE RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS The Second Amendment was included in the Bill of What was the original Rights to allow states to form their own militias and to purpose of the Second relieve Americans' fears of an overly powerful, Amendment? federally-controlled standing army. Today, Americans continue to debate the true meaning of the amendment. Gun-rights advocates claim that it gives individuals the right to own whatever guns they choose. Gun-control advocates claim that nothing in the amendment prevents the government from limiting gun ownership. With the exception of one case in which it upheld a law restricting the possession of certain guns, the Supreme Court has left decisions about gun laws to the lower courts. s gifle Abug andhad SECURITY OF HOME AND PERSON The Third Amendment forbids the government from housing troops in private homes during peacetime Betom phinST without the owner's consent-the Constitution's response to earlier practices by the British army. A's with the Third Amendment, the Fourth Amendment, which forbids "unreasonable searches and seizures," was inspired by colonial British practices, such as conducting searches without probable cause, or reasonable grounds. The Fourth Amendment requires probable cause for search warrants, documents that give police legal authority to search public property. Fourth Amendment protections also limit police to searching only for evidence related to a crime they are investigating, allowing them to take other evidence only when it is in "plain view." In response to searches conducted What does the illegally, the Supreme Court has established the exclusionary rule prevent? exclusionary rule, which states that evidence obtained illegally may not be used against a person in court. However, this rule does not apply to police searches conducted outside or in a person's trash. Stopping a person who is walking down the street or in a car in order to search them is legally considered a seizure, and is justifiable if police believe there is reasonable suspicion that the person may harm others. But under the protections of the Fourth Amendment, there must be probable cause to arrest blishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. ader and Study Guide