Sunk costs can be defined as:

Question $11$Answer

a$.$

Any and all costs necessary to implement a new project or activity.

b$.$

The costs that have already been incurred and will not change whether or not a project is accepted.

c$.$

Any and all fixed costs that are incurred as the result of accepting a new project or activity.

d$.$

The costs resulting from losses in current projects due to the implementation of a new project.

e$.$

The initial, or start$-$up$,$ costs of a project that cannot be recouped should the new project be implemented.