Suppose within your Web browser you click on a link to obtain a Web page. The IP address for the associated URL is not cached in

your local host., so a DNS lookup is necessary to obtain the IP address. Suppose that n DNS servers are visited before your host

receives the IP address from DNS; the successive visits incur an RTT of $RT{T}_1,dotsRT{T}_n.$ Further suppose that the Web page associate

host and the server containing the object.

Assuming zero transmission time of the object, how much time elapses from when the client clicks on the link until the client

receives the object?

$RTT0+RTT1+RTT2+$cdots$+RTTn$

$RTT1+RTT2+$cdots$+RTTn$

$2$ RTTo $+$ RTT $1+$ RTT $2+$cdots$+$ RTTn

$2$ RTTo $+$ RTT $1+$ RTT $2+$cdots$+RTTn-1$