TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies 3.1 Overview You are tasked with writing code which will be run by a microcontroller in a digital battery meter. The hardware has the following relevant features. A voltage sensor whose value can be accessed via a memory mapped port. In C this is presented as a global variable. Another port indicates whether the voltage should be displayed in Volts or Percentage of total battery capacity. A digital display with a port control port; setting certain global variable will change the display to show information to a user of the battery meter. User code that you will need to write to update the display based on the sensor value. A simulator program with Makefile to test your code Each feature is discussed in subsequent sections. Voltage Sensor A voltage sensor is attached to the battery meter and can be accessed via a C global variable. This is declared in the batt.h header file as follows. extern short BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT; // Sensor tied to the battery, provides a measure of voltage in units // of 0.0005 volts (half milli volts). The sensor can sense a wide // range of voltages including negatives but the batteries being // measured are Full when 3.8V (7600 sensor value) or above is read // and Empty when 3.0V (6000 sensor value) or lower is read. You do not need to define this variable as it is already there. You do NOT need to set this variable as it is automatically changed by the hardware. Instead, you will need to access its value to determine various the voltage level of the attached battery. As indicated in the variable documentation, a common (though mildly unreliable) means of detecting how much charge is left in a battery is to read the voltage on the battery. The type of battery being measured in this case has a higher voltage when fully charged and its lower voltage continuously lowers as it discharges. Past certain low voltage, the battery is unsafe to discharge and other hardware will disable the meter. The figure below shows the voltage range and corresponding Capacity Percentage for the battery. battery-voltage-v-percent2.png Figure 1: Relationship between Voltage and Percent full for batteries being measured by the meter. Notice the relationship between the Voltage which can be read directly and the Percent full which needs to be calculated from the voltage using the given formula: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies Notice the relationship between the Voltage which can be read directly and the Percent full which needs to be calculated from the voltage using the given formula: BattV = BattVolt Port / 2 Batt%= (BattV - 3000) / 8 Note the conversion is done in millivolts (0.001 volts) and the the voltage sensor is in units of half millivolts (0.0005 volts). Voltage Display Mode Another global variable exposes whether the user has pressed a button which toggles between displaying Volts or Percent full in the battery. extern unsigned char BATT_STATUS_PORT; // The bit at index 4 indicates whether display should be in Volts (0) // or Percent (1); the bit is tied to a user button which will toggle // it between modes. Other bits in this char may be set to indicate // the status of other parts of the meter and should be ignored: ONLY // BIT 4 BIT MATTERS. C code should only read this port. As per the documentation, only the 4th bit should be used while other bits may be nonzero and should be ignored. Bitwise operations are useful for this. Display Port The battery meter has a digital display which shows the remaining battery capacity. This display is controlled by a special memory area exposed as another global variable in C. extern int BATT_DISPLAY_PORT; // Controls battery meter display. Readable and writable. C code // should mostly write this port with a sequence of bits which will // light up specific elements of the LCD panel. While listed as in int, each bit of the is actually tied to part of the LCD display screen. When bits are set to 1, part of the display is lit up while 0 means it is not lit. The following diagrams show how various bit patterns will light up parts of the LCD display. Some bits correspond to parts of digits like "9" and "4" while others light up portions for the decimal place, Volt/Percent indicator, and bars of the leftmost visual level indicator. Above the display is the bit string which results in the elements on the display being turned on with "1" and off with a "0". TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main o 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies Display Port The battery meter has a digital display which shows the remaining battery capacity. This display is controlled by a special memory area exposed as another global variable in C. extern int BATT DISPLAY_PORT; // Controls battery meter display. Readable and writable. C code // should mostly write this port with a sequence of bits which will // light up specific elements of the LCD panel. While listed as in int, each bit of the is actually tied to part of the LCD display screen. When bits are set to 1, part of the display is lit up while 0 means it is not lit. The following diagrams show how various bit patterns will light up parts of the LCD display. Some bits correspond to parts of digits like "9" and "4" while others light up portions for the decimal place, Volt/Percent indicator, and bars of the leftmost visual level indicator. Above the display is the bit string which results in the elements on the display being turned on with "1" and off with a "0". Notice the following. The BATT_DISPLAY_PORT is a 32-bit integer but only some bits control the display 29 bits are used to control the full battery display (bits 0-28) Bit 0 controls whether the '%' Percent indicator is shown Bit 1 controls whether the 'V' Voltage indicator is shown Bit 2 controls whether the decimal place is on (for Volts) or off (for Percent) Bits 3-9 control the rightmost digit Bits 10-16 control the middle digit Bits 17-23 control the left digit Each digit follows the same pattern: lowest bit controls the upper right LCD digit bar with each higher bit going in a clockwise fashion and the middle bar being controlled by the highest order bit Bits 24-28 control the 5 'bars' in the visual level indicator Bits 29-31 are unused battery-meter-top-first-vp-right.png Figure 2: Full examples of how the 29 bits of the BATT_DISPLAY_PORT turns on/off parts of the LCD display. Each digit follows the same pattern of bit to bar correspondence. The lowest order (rightmost) bits control the percent, voltage, and decimal place indicator. Middle bits control "bar" of each digit starting with the top bar and proceeding around the outside clockwise with the final bit for each digit controlling the middle bar. This pattern is followed for all 3 digits. The uppermost bits control the level indicator bars. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies Figure 2: Full examples of how the 29 bits of the BATT_DISPLAY_PORT turns on/off parts of the LCD display. Each digit follows the same pattern of bit to bar correspondence. The lowest order (rightmost) bits control the percent, voltage, and decimal place indicator. Middle bits control "bar" of each digit starting with the top bar and proceeding around the outside clockwise with the final bit for each digit controlling the middle bar. This pattern is followed for all 3 digits. The uppermost bits control the level indicator bars. For reference, each number to be displayed in the LCD battery meter follows the same patter of bits which is shown in the below diagram with the rightmost digit bit positions. digital-digits-top-first.png Figure 3: Pattern of bits for all 10 numerals and a few extra symbols 3.2 batt_update.c: Updating the Display with User Code Periodically the microcontroller will run code to adjust the battery display to show the current battery level. This function is int batt_update(); and it will be your job to write it. Rather than write everything that needs to be done within batt_update(), several helper functions will be used to divide this task into several more manageable and testable chunks. These should all be written in batt_update.c and are as follows. Converting Voltage Values to a Struct int set batt_from_ports (batt_t *batt); // Uses the two global variables (ports) BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT and // BATT_STATUS_PORT to set the fields of the parameter 'batt'. If // BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT is negative, then battery has been wired wrong; // no fields of 'batt' are changed and 1 is returned to indicate an // error. Otherwise, sets fields of batt based on reading the voltage // value and converting to precent using the provided formula. Returns // 0 on a successful execution with no errors. This function DOES NOT // modify any global variables but may access global variables. // // CONSTRAINT: Avoids the use of the division operation much as TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies 3.2 batt_update.c: Updating the Display with User Code Periodically the microcontroller will run code to adjust the battery display to show the current battery level. This function is int batt_update(); and it will be your job to write it. Rather than write everything that needs to be done within batt_update(), several helper functions will be used to divide this task into several more manageable and testable chunks. These should all be written in batt_update.c and are as follows. Converting Voltage Values to a Struct int set_batt_from_ports (batt_t *batt); // Uses the two global variables (ports) BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT and // BATT_STATUS_PORT to set the fields of the parameter 'batt'. If // BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT is negative, then battery has been wired wrong; // no fields of 'batt' are changed and 1 is returned to indicate an // error. Otherwise, sets fields of batt based on reading the voltage // value and converting to precent using the provided formula. Returns // 0 on a successful execution with no errors. This function DOES NOT // modify any global variables but may access global variables. // // CONSTRAINT: Avoids the use of the division operation as much as // possible. Makes use of shift operations in place of division where // possible. // CONSTRAINT: Uses only integer operations. No floating point // operations are used as the target machine does not have a FPU. // CONSTRAINT: Limit the complexity of code as much as possible. Do // not use deeply nested conditional structures. Seek to make the code // as short, and simple as possible. Code longer than 40 lines may be // penalized for complexity. This function works with the struct batt_t defined in batt.h which has the following layout. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies // 0 on a successful execution with no errors. This function DOES NOT // modify any global variables but may access global variables. // // CONSTRAINT: Avoids the use of the division operation as much as // possible. Makes use of shift operations in place of division where // possible. // CONSTRAINT: Uses only integer operations. No floating point // operations are used as the target machine does not have a FPU. // // CONSTRAINT: Limit the complexity of code as much as possible. Do // not use deeply nested conditional structures. Seek to make the code // as short, and simple as possible. Code longer than 40 lines may be // penalized for complexity. This function works with the struct batt_t defined in batt.h which has the following layout. // Breaks battery stats down into constituent parts typedef struct{ short mlvolts; char percent; char mode; } batt_t; // voltage read from port, units of 0.0005 Volts (milli Volts) // percent full converted from voltage // 1 for percent, 2 for volts, set based on bit 4 of BATT_STATUS_PORT The function set_batt_from_ports () will read the global variables mentioned above and fill in values for the struct fields of the parameter batt. Keep the following in mind while implementing the function. 1. Read the BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT value directly into the volt field. 2. Use the previously mentioned conversion formula to convert Volts to Percentage to fill in the percent field of the struct. BattV = BattVolt Port / 2 Batt% = (BattV - 3000) / 8 Note the CONSTRAINT that division should be avoided as much as possible. Employ shift operations in place of division where appropriate. 3. Note also the constraint: make use only of integer operations. Do not use float or double variables. This is emulates the somewhat common situation where simple microprocessors cannot perform floating point operations as they lack a Floating Point Unit (FPU). TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies 3.1 Overview You are tasked with writing code which will be run by a microcontroller in a digital battery meter. The hardware has the following relevant features. A voltage sensor whose value can be accessed via a memory mapped port. In C this is presented as a global variable. Another port indicates whether the voltage should be displayed in Volts or Percentage of total battery capacity. A digital display with a port control port; setting certain global variable will change the display to show information to a user of the battery meter. User code that you will need to write to update the display based on the sensor value. A simulator program with Makefile to test your code Each feature is discussed in subsequent sections. Voltage Sensor A voltage sensor is attached to the battery meter and can be accessed via a C global variable. This is declared in the batt.h header file as follows. extern short BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT; // Sensor tied to the battery, provides a measure of voltage in units // of 0.0005 volts (half milli volts). The sensor can sense a wide // range of voltages including negatives but the batteries being // measured are Full when 3.8V (7600 sensor value) or above is read // and Empty when 3.0V (6000 sensor value) or lower is read. You do not need to define this variable as it is already there. You do NOT need to set this variable as it is automatically changed by the hardware. Instead, you will need to access its value to determine various the voltage level of the attached battery. As indicated in the variable documentation, a common (though mildly unreliable) means of detecting how much charge is left in a battery is to read the voltage on the battery. The type of battery being measured in this case has a higher voltage when fully charged and its lower voltage continuously lowers as it discharges. Past certain low voltage, the battery is unsafe to discharge and other hardware will disable the meter. The figure below shows the voltage range and corresponding Capacity Percentage for the battery. battery-voltage-v-percent2.png Figure 1: Relationship between Voltage and Percent full for batteries being measured by the meter. Notice the relationship between the Voltage which can be read directly and the Percent full which needs to be calculated from the voltage using the given formula: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies Notice the relationship between the Voltage which can be read directly and the Percent full which needs to be calculated from the voltage using the given formula: BattV = BattVolt Port / 2 Batt%= (BattV - 3000) / 8 Note the conversion is done in millivolts (0.001 volts) and the the voltage sensor is in units of half millivolts (0.0005 volts). Voltage Display Mode Another global variable exposes whether the user has pressed a button which toggles between displaying Volts or Percent full in the battery. extern unsigned char BATT_STATUS_PORT; // The bit at index 4 indicates whether display should be in Volts (0) // or Percent (1); the bit is tied to a user button which will toggle // it between modes. Other bits in this char may be set to indicate // the status of other parts of the meter and should be ignored: ONLY // BIT 4 BIT MATTERS. C code should only read this port. As per the documentation, only the 4th bit should be used while other bits may be nonzero and should be ignored. Bitwise operations are useful for this. Display Port The battery meter has a digital display which shows the remaining battery capacity. This display is controlled by a special memory area exposed as another global variable in C. extern int BATT_DISPLAY_PORT; // Controls battery meter display. Readable and writable. C code // should mostly write this port with a sequence of bits which will // light up specific elements of the LCD panel. While listed as in int, each bit of the is actually tied to part of the LCD display screen. When bits are set to 1, part of the display is lit up while 0 means it is not lit. The following diagrams show how various bit patterns will light up parts of the LCD display. Some bits correspond to parts of digits like "9" and "4" while others light up portions for the decimal place, Volt/Percent indicator, and bars of the leftmost visual level indicator. Above the display is the bit string which results in the elements on the display being turned on with "1" and off with a "0". TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main o 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies Display Port The battery meter has a digital display which shows the remaining battery capacity. This display is controlled by a special memory area exposed as another global variable in C. extern int BATT DISPLAY_PORT; // Controls battery meter display. Readable and writable. C code // should mostly write this port with a sequence of bits which will // light up specific elements of the LCD panel. While listed as in int, each bit of the is actually tied to part of the LCD display screen. When bits are set to 1, part of the display is lit up while 0 means it is not lit. The following diagrams show how various bit patterns will light up parts of the LCD display. Some bits correspond to parts of digits like "9" and "4" while others light up portions for the decimal place, Volt/Percent indicator, and bars of the leftmost visual level indicator. Above the display is the bit string which results in the elements on the display being turned on with "1" and off with a "0". Notice the following. The BATT_DISPLAY_PORT is a 32-bit integer but only some bits control the display 29 bits are used to control the full battery display (bits 0-28) Bit 0 controls whether the '%' Percent indicator is shown Bit 1 controls whether the 'V' Voltage indicator is shown Bit 2 controls whether the decimal place is on (for Volts) or off (for Percent) Bits 3-9 control the rightmost digit Bits 10-16 control the middle digit Bits 17-23 control the left digit Each digit follows the same pattern: lowest bit controls the upper right LCD digit bar with each higher bit going in a clockwise fashion and the middle bar being controlled by the highest order bit Bits 24-28 control the 5 'bars' in the visual level indicator Bits 29-31 are unused battery-meter-top-first-vp-right.png Figure 2: Full examples of how the 29 bits of the BATT_DISPLAY_PORT turns on/off parts of the LCD display. Each digit follows the same pattern of bit to bar correspondence. The lowest order (rightmost) bits control the percent, voltage, and decimal place indicator. Middle bits control "bar" of each digit starting with the top bar and proceeding around the outside clockwise with the final bit for each digit controlling the middle bar. This pattern is followed for all 3 digits. The uppermost bits control the level indicator bars. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies Figure 2: Full examples of how the 29 bits of the BATT_DISPLAY_PORT turns on/off parts of the LCD display. Each digit follows the same pattern of bit to bar correspondence. The lowest order (rightmost) bits control the percent, voltage, and decimal place indicator. Middle bits control "bar" of each digit starting with the top bar and proceeding around the outside clockwise with the final bit for each digit controlling the middle bar. This pattern is followed for all 3 digits. The uppermost bits control the level indicator bars. For reference, each number to be displayed in the LCD battery meter follows the same patter of bits which is shown in the below diagram with the rightmost digit bit positions. digital-digits-top-first.png Figure 3: Pattern of bits for all 10 numerals and a few extra symbols 3.2 batt_update.c: Updating the Display with User Code Periodically the microcontroller will run code to adjust the battery display to show the current battery level. This function is int batt_update(); and it will be your job to write it. Rather than write everything that needs to be done within batt_update(), several helper functions will be used to divide this task into several more manageable and testable chunks. These should all be written in batt_update.c and are as follows. Converting Voltage Values to a Struct int set batt_from_ports (batt_t *batt); // Uses the two global variables (ports) BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT and // BATT_STATUS_PORT to set the fields of the parameter 'batt'. If // BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT is negative, then battery has been wired wrong; // no fields of 'batt' are changed and 1 is returned to indicate an // error. Otherwise, sets fields of batt based on reading the voltage // value and converting to precent using the provided formula. Returns // 0 on a successful execution with no errors. This function DOES NOT // modify any global variables but may access global variables. // // CONSTRAINT: Avoids the use of the division operation much as TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies 3.2 batt_update.c: Updating the Display with User Code Periodically the microcontroller will run code to adjust the battery display to show the current battery level. This function is int batt_update(); and it will be your job to write it. Rather than write everything that needs to be done within batt_update(), several helper functions will be used to divide this task into several more manageable and testable chunks. These should all be written in batt_update.c and are as follows. Converting Voltage Values to a Struct int set_batt_from_ports (batt_t *batt); // Uses the two global variables (ports) BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT and // BATT_STATUS_PORT to set the fields of the parameter 'batt'. If // BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT is negative, then battery has been wired wrong; // no fields of 'batt' are changed and 1 is returned to indicate an // error. Otherwise, sets fields of batt based on reading the voltage // value and converting to precent using the provided formula. Returns // 0 on a successful execution with no errors. This function DOES NOT // modify any global variables but may access global variables. // // CONSTRAINT: Avoids the use of the division operation as much as // possible. Makes use of shift operations in place of division where // possible. // CONSTRAINT: Uses only integer operations. No floating point // operations are used as the target machine does not have a FPU. // CONSTRAINT: Limit the complexity of code as much as possible. Do // not use deeply nested conditional structures. Seek to make the code // as short, and simple as possible. Code longer than 40 lines may be // penalized for complexity. This function works with the struct batt_t defined in batt.h which has the following layout. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Download Code and Setup 3. Problem 1: Battery Meter Simulation o 3.1. Overview o 3.2. batt update.c: Updating the Display with User Code o 3.3. Battery Meter Simulator o 3.4. Sample Runs of batt main 3.5. Problem 1 Grading Criteria 4. Problem 2: Debugging the Puzzlebox o 4.1. Overview o 4.2. input.txt Input File o 4.3. gdb The GNU Debugger O 4.4. Typical Cycle o 4.5. Kinds of Puzzles o 4.6. Tests for puzzlebox.c 5. Problem 3: Tree Sets in C o 5.1. Overview o 5.2. treeset main Demonstration o 5.3. tree funcs.c: tree functions o 5.4. treeset main.c: main function / application o 5.5. Grading Criteria for Problem 3 6. Assignment Submission o 6.1. Submit to Gradescope o 6.2. Late Policies // 0 on a successful execution with no errors. This function DOES NOT // modify any global variables but may access global variables. // // CONSTRAINT: Avoids the use of the division operation as much as // possible. Makes use of shift operations in place of division where // possible. // CONSTRAINT: Uses only integer operations. No floating point // operations are used as the target machine does not have a FPU. // // CONSTRAINT: Limit the complexity of code as much as possible. Do // not use deeply nested conditional structures. Seek to make the code // as short, and simple as possible. Code longer than 40 lines may be // penalized for complexity. This function works with the struct batt_t defined in batt.h which has the following layout. // Breaks battery stats down into constituent parts typedef struct{ short mlvolts; char percent; char mode; } batt_t; // voltage read from port, units of 0.0005 Volts (milli Volts) // percent full converted from voltage // 1 for percent, 2 for volts, set based on bit 4 of BATT_STATUS_PORT The function set_batt_from_ports () will read the global variables mentioned above and fill in values for the struct fields of the parameter batt. Keep the following in mind while implementing the function. 1. Read the BATT_VOLTAGE_PORT value directly into the volt field. 2. Use the previously mentioned conversion formula to convert Volts to Percentage to fill in the percent field of the struct. BattV = BattVolt Port / 2 Batt% = (BattV - 3000) / 8 Note the CONSTRAINT that division should be avoided as much as possible. Employ shift operations in place of division where appropriate. 3. Note also the constraint: make use only of integer operations. Do not use float or double variables. This is emulates the somewhat common situation where simple microprocessors cannot perform floating point operations as they lack a Floating Point Unit (FPU).

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In this code we are tasked with implementing the setdisplayfrombatt function that takes a battt struct and an integer pointer display This function is responsible for setting the bits in the integer p... View the full answer