Tangshan Mining is considering issuing longterm debt. The debt would have a 30 year maturity and a 12 percent coupon rate and make semiannual coupon payments. In order to sell the issue, the bonds must be underpriced at a discount of 2.5 percent of face value. In addition, the firm would have to pay flotation costs of 2.5 percent of face value. The firm's tax rate is 33 percent. Given this information, the aftertax cost of debt for Tangshan Mining would be ________.

a. 4.98%

b. 12.76%

c. 8.48%

d. 6.38%