task : $111$#How do theories in civil engineering form the foundation for understanding and addressing complex challenges in infrastructure development, urban planning, environmental sustainability, and construction management? Explore how theories such as structural analysis, fluid mechanics, geotechnical engineering, and transportation planning provide frameworks for designing resilient and efficient civil infrastructure. Discuss their application in optimizing materials, minimizing environmental impact, and ensuring public safety. Additionally, consider how emerging theories in fields like smart cities, sustainable construction, and resilient infrastructure are shaping the future of civil engineering practice.