Task $1($Concept Questions, Total Marks: $20)$

$($a$)$ One problem with contiguous allocation is that the user must preallocate enough space for

each file. If the file grows to be larger than the space allocated for it$,$ special actions must be

taken. One solution to this problem is to define a file structure consisting of an initial

contiguous area $($of a specified size$).$ If this area is filled, the operating system automatically

defines an overflow area that is linked to the initial contiguous area. If the overflow area is

filled, another overflow area is allocated. Compare this implementation of a file with the

standard contiguous and linked implementations. Justify your answer. $(8$ Marks$)$

$($b$)$ Answer the following questions

$($i$)$ What problems could occur if a system allowed a file system to be mounted

simultaneously at more than one location? $(8$Marks$)$

$($ii$)$ What protection problems may arise if a shared stack is used for parameter passing? $(4$

Marks$)$