Task $1$ The liquid surface in a piezometer attached to a $10$ cm diameter pipeline $($which transports seawater at $300$C$)$ stands $1\mathrm{.}0$ m above point A$,$ as shown in the Figure $1.($Density of seawater $=1030$ kg$/$m$3)$

a$)$ Find the gauge pressure at point A$.$

b$)$ Estimate the flow through the pipe is laminar or turbulent, if the flow rate in the pipe is $0\mathrm{.}016$ m$3/$s$.$ Assume the dynamic viscosity of sea water at $300$C as $0\mathrm{.}00087$ Pa s$.$

c$)$ Consider another pipeline transporting freshwater $($Density $=1000$ kg$/$m$3)$ having the elevation of the centre $($Let point B$)1\mathrm{.}5$ m above with respect to point A$.$ Gauge pressure at point B is expected to be around $15$ kPa. Illustrate at least two different methods to determine the pressure difference $($PB$-$ PA$)$ using clearly drawn sketches. Compare proposed methods highlighting the merits and demerits of each.