task $77===$How do fundamental theoretical principles serve as the foundation of civil engineering, shaping its methodologies and driving advancements? Explore the critical role of theory in key disciplines such as structural analysis, geotechnical engineering, fluid mechanics, and materials science. Discuss how theoretical frameworks inform the design, construction, and maintenance of civil infrastructure, ensuring safety, reliability, and sustainability. Investigate the role of theory in predicting and mitigating risks such as structural failure, soil instability, and hydraulic hazards. Additionally, explore how theoretical understanding fosters innovation in areas like green infrastructure, resilient design, and smart city development. Ultimately, consider how theory propels civil engineering forward in addressing global challenges.