task 9

i believe ive done the appropriate tests on spss for this task, please let me know if you believe different variables should be used.

i have used the compute function to get the difference between baby at 5 weeks and birthweight (labelled difference)

please be thorough in explanation

Explore Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Difference Between 44 86.3% 13.7% 51 100.0% Birthweight (kg) and Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) Baby weight at 5 weeks 44 86.3% 13.7% 51 100.0% old (kg) Birthweight (kg) 44 86.3% 7 13.7% 51 100.0%Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Difference Between .128 44 068 .957 44 .101 Birthweight (kg) and Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) Baby weight at 5 weeks .095 44 200 .957 44 104 old (kg) Birthweight (kg) .104 44 200 .957 44 099 * This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance CorrectionNormal Q-Q Plot of Difference Between Birthweight (kg) and Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) 2 0 Expected Normal -1 -2 -3 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Observed ValueNormal Q-Q Plot of Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) Expected Normal 4 5 Observed Value Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) Histogram 6 Mean = 4.75 Std. Dev. = .772 N = 44 5 4 Frequency 3 2 1 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg)Difference Between Birthweight (kg) and Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) Histogram 12 Mean = 1.33 Std. Dev. = .61 N = 44 10 8 Frequency 6 4 2 00 .50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 Difference Between Birthweight (kg) and Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg)Birthweight (kg) Histogram 20 Mean = 3.42 Std. Dev. = .604 N = 44 15 Frequency 10 5 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 Birthweight (kg)Normal Q-Q Plot of Birthweight (kg) 3 2 1 0 Expected Normal -1 -2 -3 2 3 4 5Nominal ID Numeric None Input 11 Unique Participant Identification Number (Baby ID) None 11 Right Headcirc Numeric 11 Head circumference (cm) None None 11 Right Scale Input 11 Right Scale `Input Length Numeric 11 10 Length of baby (cm) None None 11 2 Birthweight (kg) None None 11 Right Scale \\Input Birthweight Numeric None 10 Right Scale Input but_Ibs Numeric 8 2 Birthweight (lbs) None Numeric 2 Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) None None 8 Right Scale Input weight_5wks 11 Scale Input Gestation Numeric 11 0 Gestational age at birth (weeks) None None Right Numeric 11 Maternal age (yrs) None None 11 Right Scale Input O mage None 10 Numeric 10 Maternal smoking status [0, Non-smoker}... Right Nominal Input smoker 11 Scale Input mheight Numeric 11 0 Maternal height (cm) None None Right Numeric 11 10 Mother's pre-pregnancy weight (kg) None None 11 Right Scale Input mppwt None 11 Right Scale Input fage Numeric 11 Father's age (yrs) None 11 0 Years father was in education None None 11 Right Scale Input fedyrs Numeric Numeric 11 10 Number of cigarettes smoked per day by father None None 11 Right Scale `Input fnocig 11 0 Father's height (cm) None None 11 Numeric Right Scale ` Input fheight 11 Ordinal Input lowbwt Numeric Low birthweight baby Right 11 10 (0, Not low birthweight)... None Input mnocig Numeric 11 Number of cigarettes smoked per day by mother None None 11 Right Scale mage_cat Numeric CO Maternal age group [0, 30 years and under)... None 12 Right Ordinal ` Input NNOO Numeric Father's Height Category [1.00, 175 cm or shorter). None 10 Right Ordinal Input fat_ht_cat Numeric 8 None 12 Right Scale Input difference Difference Between Birthweight (kg) and Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) NoneQ Statistic Std. Error Difference Between Mean 1.3273 09198 Birthweight (kg) and Baby 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound 1.1418 weight at 5 weeks old for Mean (kg) Upper Bound 1.5128 5% Trimmed Mean 1.3122 Median 1.1650 Variance 372 Std. Deviation 61013 Minimum .21 Maximum 2.78 Range 2.57 Interquartile Range .81 Skewness 558 357 Kurtosis -.043 702 Baby weight at 5 weeks Mean 4.7509 .11644 old (kg) 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound 4.5161 for Mean Upper Bound 4.9857 5% Trimmed Mean 4.7416 Median 4.6000 Variance 597 Std. Deviation 77237 Minimum 3.51 Maximum 6.25 Range 2.74 Interquartile Range 1.24 Skewness 300 357 Kurtosis -.920 702 Birthweight (kg) Mean 3.4236 09099 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound 3.2401 for Mean Upper Bound 3.6071 5% Trimmed Mean 3.4058 Median 3.3800 Variance .364 Std. Deviation 60357 Minimum 2.05 Maximum 4.99 Range 2.94 Interquartile Range 69 Skewness 544 357 Kurtosis 1.173 702For Tasks 8 to 10, you want to determine if the weights of the babies at 5 weeks old significantly differ from their weight at birth. Select the most appropriate variables to use in this analysis and then complete the following tasks.Task 9 - Paired t-test (Assumption Testing) List the assumptions of the paired /-test. Indicate which of these (if any) are testable using SPSS. Perform assumption testing for this analysis. To test the assumption of normality (both graphically and numerically), you should use the Explore function. Insert the relevant output into your assignment document and comment on each - draw conclusions about whether the assumptions have been met overall. Regardless of the outcomes of your assumption testing, suggest at least one alternative action that should be taken if the normality assumption is violated (note: you do not need to do this, just provide a suggestion). Hint #1: there should be four assumptions (see the module lecture slides). Hint #2: you will also need to use the Compute function as part of this task