TCP$/$IP$,$ HTTP$,$ DNS$,$ and FTP are protocols that establish universal rules for network communication, ensuring smooth interaction between various devices. They enable different systems to understand and exchange data effectively, promoting interoperability. HTTP manages web communications, TCP$/$IP facilitates internet connectivity, DNS translates domain names to IP addresses, and FTP handles file transfers. Together, these protocols form the foundation of modern networking, enabling diverse systems to collaborate seamlessly.