Technological changes have introduced new hazards in the workplace. Organizations strive to develop their management system for business functions, ranging from quality and environment to safety, information security and social responsibility. Efforts have been concentrated on introducing and applying standards such as the ISO 9001 and ISO14001. Manufacturing and service organizations have been integrating their respective occupational and safety management and audit systems into the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) based audit driven quality management system (ISO 9000), or environmental management system (ISO 14000) models. Safety programs are supported by the management to avoid lost productivity, financial loss to injured employees and higher insurance premiums.

1. State FOUR (4) approaches that employers may undertake to prevent unsafe employee actions at the workplace. (8 marks)

2. Based on the quality management model, construct an OSH management system model to ensure that the safety and health program in the workplace could be improved further through the firms continual improvement system. (12 marks)

3. Briefly explain the impact of job hazard analysis on the firms safety performance through the elimination of hazards. (5 marks)