TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES \"(LIE There are many test design techniques for static and dynamic testing. Static test design Techniques include reviews, walkthroughs, Formal reviews etc. and dynamic test design techniques include equivalence partitioning (EP), boundary value analysis (BVA), decision table testing, state transition testing etc. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES Q What are the different Test Design Techniques? TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What to test and not to test Creating Test Scenarios Stimulate the system and with what data values Outline the Structure of '/ Testing Activities Helps to write better test case TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES E J Derived all important Business Scenarios J Planned test Scenarios for different test cases TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES Q What are the different Test Design Techniques? Choosing the technique is the most decisive step. This step is dependent on these factors: 1.Type of system or software application 2.Regulatory standards 3.Customer's requirements 4.Leve| and type of risk TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES % 5. Test objectives 6. Tester's Skill and knowledge 7. Time and budget 8. Application development life cycle 9.Previous experience in types of defects tracked TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES % TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES 00 Black-Box Testing White-Box Testing Experience-Based Testing I - Behavioral or behavior-based - Structural or structure-based - Leverage the experience of ' techniques developers, testers, and , techniques are based on an users to design, implement, , Based on an analysis of the analysis of the architecture, and execute tests. I appropriate test basis (e.g., detailed design, internal . formal requirements structure, or the code of the ~ Techniques are often documents, specifications, test object. Unlike blackvbox combined with black-box and use cases, user stories, or test whiteabox test techniques. business processes). TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? Categories of Test Design Techniques BLACK-BOX TESTING Equivalence Parli I nning Boundary Valu ue l Analysis TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? Categories of Test Design Techniques BLACK-BOX TESTING Equivalence Partitioning Boundary Value EXPERIENCE-BASED Analysis TESTING Decision Table WHITE-BOX Error Guessing Testing TESTING State Transition Statement Testing Exploratory Testing Testing and Coverage Use Case Testing Decision Testing Checklist-Based 18 and Coverage Testing TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? EQUIVALENCE VALUE PARTITIONING A technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from EQUIVALENCE which test cases can be VALUE PARTITIONING derived. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STEP 1 Divide the input into valid and invalid group STEP 2 Select the representative from each of this group Test data Valid Invalid 10 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? EXAMPLE 1: System to accept number between 1 to 100. Otherwise, should display error message.TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? valid invalid invalid 0 1 100 101 VALID PARTITION: 35 INVALID PARTITIONS: -10, 120 12 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? EXAMPLE 2: Textbox will accept value 18 to 56 AGE: Enter Age 13 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? EQUIVALENCE PARTITIONING Invalid Valid Invalid =57 14 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? EXAMPLE 3: You are asked to test the ordering process system. As per the business logic, system should accept the product quantity from the user in the range of 1 to 10. Else, system to throw an error message. Identify the inputsTEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? EXAMPLE 3: You are asked to test the ordering process system. As per the business logic, system should accept the product quantity from the user in the range of 1 to 10. Else, system to throw an error message. Identify the inputs using EVP. 15 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? SAMPLE ANSWER: -5, 5, 15 16 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS Boundary testing is the Negative Testing process of testing Postive Testing Boundary between extreme ends or boundaries between partitions of the input values. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS STEP 1 Identify the edges STEP (2 Prepare the test data - Minimum (Valid boundary) - Maximum (Valid boundary) - Minimum - 1 (Invalid boundary)TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS STEP 1 Identify the edges STEP (2 Prepare the test data - Minimum (Valid boundary) - Maximum (Valid boundary) Minimum - 1 (Invalid boundary) - Maximum + 1 (Invalid boundary) 18 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? System to accept number between 1 to 100. Otherwise, should display error message 100 101 Minimum (Valid boundary): 1 Maximum (Valid boundary): 100 Minimum - 1 (Invalid boundary): 1 - 1 = 0 Maximum + 1 (Invalid boundary): 100 + 1 = 101 19 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS You are asked to test the ordering process system. As per the business logic, system should accept the product quantity from the user in the range of 1 to 10. Else, system to throw an error message. Identify the inputs using BVA. 20 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS Minimum (Valid boundary): 1 Maximum (Valid boundary): 10 Minimum - 1 (Invalid boundary): 1 - 1 = 0 Maximum + 1 (Invalid boundary): 10 + 1 = 11TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS Minimum (Valid boundary): 1 Maximum (Valid boundary): 10 Minimum - 1 (Invalid boundary): 1 - 1 = 0 Maximum + 1 (Invalid boundary): 10 + 1 = 11 21 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? BOUNDARY VALUE ANALYSIS Price range Issoof Shipping $15 so From $1 to $100: - valid boundary conditions: 1.00, 1.01, 99.99; - invalid boundary conditions: 0.99, 100.00, 100.01; From $100 to $300: - valid boundary conditions: 100.00, 100.01, 299.99; - invalid boundary conditions: 99.99, 300.00; $300 and higher: 22 - valid boundary conditions: 300.00, 300.01; - invalid boundary conditions: 299.99. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE U software testing methodology used to test system behavior for various input combinations O represented in tabular form DECISION TABLE O also called a Cause-Effect table 23 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE STEP Identify the set of inputs STEP 2 Identify the set of outputs STEP 3 Identify the combinations and generate the test designTEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE STEP Identify the set of inputs STEP (2 Identify the set of outputs STEP 3 Identify the combinations and generate the test design TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE Scenario Inputs Possible Outputs User inserts card Card (Valid, Successful System asks for Invalid) withdrawal of pin Pin (Valid, Invalid) money User enters pin Amount (Valid, Card is invalid System asks for Invalid) Pin is invalid amount Insufficient User enters the balance amount System gives money TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE ATM Example STEP 1 Identify the Inputs Inputs Outputs Inputs Card Pin Amount TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE ATM Example STEP 2 Identify the Outputs Inputs Outputs Outputs Successful withdrawal Invalid card Invalid pin Insufficient balanceTEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE ATM Example STEP 3 Fill the Possible Combinations Inputs Test case 1 | Test case 2 Test case 3 Test case 4 Card Valid Valid Valid Invalid Pin Valid Valid Invalid N/A Amount Valid Invalid N/A N/A Outputs Success X Invalid card X Invalid pin X Insufficient X balance 28 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE There is a network of bakeries selling apple pies and cheesecakes online. Each is available in three sizes -small, medium, and big. The bakery offers immediate and scheduled address delivery, as well as a pick-up option. 29 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE The bakery works in three cities -New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago. Also, a user can order up to three items at a time. 30 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE 2x3x3x3x2x2 = 216 Order Size City Quantity Delivery Time Apple Pie Small New York 1 Address Now Cheesecake Medium Los Angeles 2 Pick-Up ScheduleTEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES E What are the different Test Design Techniques? DECISION TABLE 2x3x3x3x2x2 = 216 ' Order Size City ' Quantity ' Delivery Time ' ' Apple Pie Small New York 1 Address Now ' Cheesecake Medium Los Angeles Pick Up Schedule ---- TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES % STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM \" shows all valid transitions and . potentially invalid transitions ~ mime" between states, as well as the DIAGRAM . . events, and resultIng actions for valid transitions. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES E STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES Wh at are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Symbols Used in State Transition Diagram A state iS just what it says it is: the system is 'Static', in a stable condition from which it will only Change if it is stimulated by an event of some kind Change from one state to another. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Symbols Used in State Transition Diagram A state is just what it says it is: the system is 'static', in a stable condition from which it will only change if it is stimulated by an event of some kind change from one state to another. 34 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM O State Transition Initial State Final State 35 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM we are testing a system that offers a limited number of attempts to enter a correct password. If a user fails to enter a correct password, the system blocks the access (temporarily or permanently). 36 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM A logic diagram would look like this: Incorrect Incorrect password password Click on Log In 1st attempt 2nd attempt 3rd attempt Correct Incorrect password password Logged In BlockedTEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM A logic diagram would look like this: Incorrect Incorrect password password Click on Log In 1st attempt 2nd attempt 3rd attempt Correct Incorrect password password Logged In Blocked 37 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Incorrect Incorrect password password Click on Log In 1st attempt 2nd attempt 3rd attempt $1 S2 Correct Incorrect password password Logged In Blocked $5 S6 38 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Correct password Incorrect password State 1 Click on Log In State 5 State 2 State 2 1st attempt State 5 State 3 State 3 2nd attempt State 5 State 4 State 4 3rd attempt State 5 State 6 State 5 Logged In State 6 Blocked 39 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Incorrect Incorrect password password Click on Log In 1st attempt 2nd attempt 3rd attempt $1 Correct Incorrect password password Logged In Blocked $5 $6TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Incorrect Incorrect password password Click on Log In 1st attempt 2nd attempt 3rd attempt $1 $2 $4 Correct Incorrect password password Logged In Blocked $5 40 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Example of Diagram start card inserted eat card enter PIN PIN not OK PIN not OK PIN not OK wait for PIN 1st try 2nd try 3rd try PIN OK PIN OK IN OK access to account 41 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Identify No. of Test Cases for the below scenario: F start card inserted eat card F enter PIN PIN not OK PIN not OK PIN not OK B wait for Ist try 2nd try rd try FIN OK PIN OK PIN OK access to account G 42 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Test Case Test Case Flow A - > B - > C -> D -> E ->F 2 A -> B -> C -> G 3 A - > B - > C -> D ->G 4 A - > B - > C -> D -> E -> G 13TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM Test Case Test Case Flow A - > B - > C -> D -> E ->F 2 A -> B -> C -> G 3 A - > B - > C -> D -> G 4 A - > B - > C -> D -> E -> G 43 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING A black box testing technique in which changes made in input conditions cause state changes USE CASE TESTING or output changes in the Application Under Test(AUT). 44 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING Rules O The name of an actor or a use case must be meaningful and relevant to the system. O Interaction of an actor with the use case must be defined clearly and in an understandable way. 45 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING Rules O Annotations must be used wherever they are required. Olf a use case or an actor has multiple relationships, then only significant interactions must be displayed.Wh at are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING Rules EIAnnotations must be used wherever they are required. [lit a use case or an actor has multiple relationships, then only significant interactions must be displayed. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES Wh at are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING Tips V A use case diagram should be as simple as possible. V A use case diagram should be complete. V A use case diagram should represent all interactions with the use case. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING Tips V If there are too many use cases or actors, then only the essential use cases should be represented. V A use case diagram should describe at least a single module of a system. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING Tips V If the use case diagram is large, then it should be generalized. TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING Actions User Withdraw Funds Balance Enquiry Balance Transfer 50 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING Step Description A: Inserts card Main Success Scenario 2 S: Validates card and asks for PIN A: Actor S: System 3 A: Enters PIN 4 S: Validates PIN 5 S: Allows access to account 2a Card not valid S: Display message and reject card Extensions 4a PIN not valid S: Display message and ask for re-try (twice) 4b PIN invalid 3 times S: Eat card and exit 57 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? USE CASE TESTING Typical defects that can be found using this Technique Model technique Equivalence Domain model Wrong handling of data/domain values partitioning Boundary value Domain model Wrong handling of data on the domain boundaries analysis Decision table Decision logic Wrong handling of the business rules testing model State transition Behavioral model Wrong handling of transitions between states testing Use case testing Business process Wrong handling of the business processing model 52 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? SeatworkState transition Behavioral model Wrong handling of transitions between states testing Use case testing Business process Wrong handling I the business processing model 52 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? Seatwork 53 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? There is an online store that offers different shipping rates depending on the cart price. For instance: 1. The shipping price for orders below $100 is $15. 2. The shipping price for orders over $100 is $5. 3. Free shipping on orders over $300. 3.$300 and higher. 54 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES What are the different Test Design Techniques? Draw the EVP analysis and work with the valid & invalid cases of the following price ranges below: 1. From $1 to $100. 2. From $100 to $300. 3.$300 and higher. 55 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING E