testing, $-$is sent to shipping for packaging and final shipment to customers. A complete batch of $50$ units is sen located next to testing. Thus, there is no move time between these two operations. Packaging and labeling red Required:

Determine the amount of value$-$added and non$-$value$-$added lead time and the value$-$added ratio in this pr Categorize the non$-$value$-$added time into wait and move time. Round the percentage to one decimal pla

Value$-$added lead time

Non$-$value$-$added lead time:

Wait time lead time $$ min.

Move time lead time $$

Total non$-$value$-$added lead time $$ min.

$\frac{?}{\text{b}\text{a}\text{r}}(xmin.)$

Total lead time

Value$-$added ratio $($as a percent$)$

$\%$

$2.$ Move time in this process could best be reduced by:

a$.$ Doing nothing.

b$.$ Changing the layout from a process orientation to a product orientation.

c$.$ Increasing batch sizes.

d$.$ Eliminating the testing step.

e$.$ Hiring more workers.

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