$($text$,$ MC $11-1)$ Which of the following statements is true?

The time$-$based model of security can be expressed in the following formula: $P$

None $of$ these $is$ correct.

Information security $is$ necessary for protecting confidentiality, privacy, integrity $of$ processing & availability $of$ information resources.

Information security $is$ primarily $anIT$ issue; not a managerial concern.