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Aresearcher does a small pilot study to test whether the mean response is better with a new treatment, compared to the standard treatment. Her p-value for the test is p = .2318, so she failed to reject the null and decides the new treatment may not be better. She then conducts a large, well controlled trial, and finds a significant difference (p = .0471). Since the results of the large trial are more reliable, she decides that in the first trial she must have made a

a. type I error c. p-value error

b. type II error d. nominal error

In order to determine the attitudes of today's health care workers in the state of Kansas, a survey is conducted by randomly choosing ten workers from each hospital in the state, and interviewing these workers. This type of sampling is called

a. Simple random sampling c. Cluster sampling

b. Stratified random sampling d. Convenience sampling